British Monarchy

Royal families represent:

  • Tradition

  • History

  • National values

Types of monarchies:(difference→amount of power)

  • Absolute

  • Parlementary

  • Mixed

British Reign: (2B people)

Magna Carta doc. that curbed Sovereigns power

Vatican is special: Absolute Theocracy/elected Pope

After annexing wales—>Edward I gave “prince of Wales” title to son

Henrietta-maria, Queen Consort(Charles I)→eldest daughter: princess royal(only 1)

Prince/princess:

  • Children of any sovereign of these realms

  • Children of the son of a king

  • Eldest living son of the eldest son of the king

Royal Houses of England and Britain:

Wessex:

Alfred the great(ruled wessex,1/7 Anglo-Saxon kingdoms→modern England)

King of the Anglo-Saxons(886)→start unbroken line of kings.

Never ruled East./North. England(The Danelaw)

Marriage: Ealhswith

→Son: Edward the Elder(Conquered East. Danelaw)→Son:æthelstan(first king to rule whole England)(King of the English)

Denmark:

Sweyn Forkbeard(Danish king,invasion 1013)→Æthelred,Exile normandy

Cnut the great: 1018→crowns england/denmark personal union

→death heirs/norman conquest 1066→legacy lost

1028-1030: Eng,Nor,Den

Normandy:

1066: Rival claimaints:

  • Harold Godwinson(King after death Edward the Confessor)

  • Harald Hardrada(King of Norway,heir Harthacnut

  • Duke William 2 of Normandy(Vassal King of France, Cousin Edward The Confessor)

Harald/William invaded seperately 1066→Godwinson repelled

Battle of Hastings:Winchester→london(capitalh →victor William the Conqueror

Blois:

Henry I dead→no heirs→ended line→daughter: empress Matilda heir

→negotiations Nephew Stephen of Blois→crowned himself after death Henry

The anarchy: Fights in open warfare between parties supporting both sides

Anjou/Plantagenet:

1153 Treaty of Wallingford: Agreement Stephen/Matilda

→Matilda son: Henry(2) Heir

Anjou: 12/13th(pyrenees→ireland), Eng. not primary home until losing continental domains by John Lackland

(after Geoffrey(henry father)count title))

Plantagenet: Henry 3(John Succesor)

(after sobriquet(nickname))

Kings 2 groups: Before/after loss french possessions

Lancaster/York:

Lancaster: John of Gaunt(Son Edward 3)(Henry 3 great-grandson.

Henry 4→took power from cousin richard 2

York: Origin name: Edmund of Langley(Duke of York)

claimed throne trough Edward 3rd son, Lionel of Antwerp

War Of Roses(1455-1485):Back and forth

Tudor:

Descend John Beaufort(Illegitimate Son John of Gaunt)→normally no claim→Gaunt/Swynford married 1396

John Beaufort Granddaughter Margaret Beaufort, married Edward Tudor→Son King Henry 7(Defeat Richard 3, Battle of Bosworth Field, ended war of roses)

Henry married Elizabeth of York→unifying Lancaster/York

Henry 8 broke from Roman Catholic Church

Edward 6→named Lady Jane Grey Heir(Overruling order Succesion)→Mary 1 Queen(Edward 6 half-sister)→Sister Elizabeth 1 queen→begin golden age

Stuart:

Elizabeth 1 dead→Cousin King James 1 succeeded in union of the Crowns.

James(Great-grandmother Margaret Tudor,daughter of Henry 7)→king of Great Britain

Parliaments separate→1707 Acts of Union

Interregnum:

No monarch(after execution Charles 1 1649/Restoration Charles 2 1660)

→1649-1653, England ruled by Rump Parliament/Englisch Council of State→executive power→Commonwealth of England

1653: Oliver Cromwell(Lord Protector)→Coup D’état→The Protectorate

Hanover:

Act of Settlement 1701

Queen anne dead→cousin George Louis(closest non-catholic Heir)

King George 1: Son Sophia Of Hanover(Granddaughter James 6)→various uprisings: Jacobite Rebellion→aiming Anne half-brother James Stuart king(catholic)

Saxe-Coburg and Gotha/Windsor:

Edward 7→succeeded Victoria(Hanover)(1901)

George 5→changed name 1917(Anti-german during war)

Abdication Edward 8→Brother King George 6 crowned

Elizabeth 2: Daughter George 6