Per dev
Personal Development
Knowing Oneself
Unit 1 | Hazel Mae Palomo | S.Y 2022-2023
“The whole is greater than the
sum of its parts “ - Aristotle
Holism - seeing things as a whole and as something that is bigger than the sum of their parts.
| The mind and body dualism of Descartes |
|---|
| Rene Descartes,one of the modern philosophers of our time, influenced much of mankind's thinking with his theory of duality,or understanding the nature of things in a simple, dual mode. Examples : separation of body and spirit/mind and body , yin and yang of the eastern culture, male-female gender, black-white characteristics. |
| Holism and Gestalt |
|---|
| General Jan C. Smuts, a South African statesman, wrote about holism as "the tendency in nature to form wholes which are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution.” Concept of Gestalt - something that is made of many parts and yet is somehow more than or different from the combination of its parts : broadly, the general quality or character of something Example : in music, a symphony cannot be defined by one of its notes alone , A car is made up of hundreds of different parts. |
The five aspects of human development
- Physiological or the physical attributes include the five senses.
- Cognitive or the intellectual functions of the mind
- Psychological or thinking, feelings, and behaviors interact and happen in a person.
- Social or the manner by which an individual interacts with ither individuals or groups of individuals.
- Spiritual or attributes to beliefs, values, and virtues.
Developing the Whole Person's Effect and Values
“ The whole is greater than the sum of its parts “ - Aristotle
Holistic Development
Feelings and Emotions
Paul Ekman of the University of California identifies six basic emotions that human beings experience :
- Happiness, Sadness , Fear , Anger, Surprise, and Disgust
Feelings - Results from emotions that were experienced
Emotions - Taken from the Latin word movare*,* which means to move or be upset or agitated.
- Defined by Smith (1973) as a descriptive term referring to variations in the level of arousal, affective state or mood, expressive movements, and attitudes.
Attitudes - A persons thoughts ,feelings, and emotion about another person , object, idea ,behaviour , or situation
- Result of a persons evaluation of an experience with another person,idea, behavior or situation based on their values and belief system.
Behaviour - Manifestation or acting out the attitude the individual has.
Values and virtues
Values - A system of beliefs that adhere to the highest deals of human existence
- They create meaning and purpose in a person’s life that often results in personal happiness and self- fulfillment
Virtues - A trait or quality that is deemed to be morally good.
- Descriptions or adjectives that reflect a value
Values - Basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions.
- They are usually nouns, whereas virtues are the descriptors that usually mirror the value they represent.
| Values | Virtues |
|---|---|
| Peace | Peaceful, calm |
| Integrity | Reputable,responsible,honest, trustworthy |
| Love | Loving, caring , compassionate , gentle, affectionate |
| Respect | Respectful, civil |
| Balance | Objective, fair , harmonic |
Universal Values from the UN :
- Peace , Freedom , Social Progress , Equal Rights , Human Dignity
Ten Common values of people according to Shalom Schwartz :
1. Self- Direction - Independent thought and action ; choosing, creating, and exploring
2. Stimulation- excitement , novelty , and challenge in life
3. Hedonism - pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself.
4. Achievement - personal success through demonstration of competence according to social standards.
5. Power - social status and prestige , and control or dominance over people and resources
6. Security - safety , harmony , and stability of society , of relationships, and of self
7. Conformity - restrain of actions , inclinations , and impulses that are likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms
8. Tradition - respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional culture or religion provides.
9. Benovelence - preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent personal contact
- Universalism - understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people of nature .
Motivational goals that characterize the ten values ( S. Schwartz )
- Openness to change
- Self-transcendence
- Self Enhancement
- conservation