Ch 13 Touch

13.1 PSYCHICAL INPUT TO TOUCH

  1. examples of kinesthesia

    • movement

    • walking without need to look at your feet in the dark

    • awareness of the position and movement in parts of the body

  2. example of proprioception

    • cognitive awareness, balance

  3. what do tactile receptors do>

    • mechanoreceptors

    • determine if touch is harmful or safe

    • respond og pressure, vibration, or movement

  4. why is limb position important

    • helps our self awareness and keeps us safe

  5. what is noxious stimulation

    • receiving sensations strong enough to react to it as a threat

    • pitching

    • exposure to chemical substance

    • tempurater

    • come from NOCICEPTORS

  6. how do touch receptor differ from each other

    • the type of stimulation it response to

    • size

    • rate of adaptation (fast vs slow)

  7. What kinds of tension do the muscle spindle respond to

    • stretches that lengthen the muscle

  8. Sharp pain occurs with

    • a delta fibers

    • the happened and where signal

  9. Throbbing happens

    • C fibers

    • how much signal

  10. What receptors are for pleasant touches

    • C tactile afferents

    • process in orbitofrontal cortex

  11. What is the orbitofrontal cortex

    • frontal lobe in the bottom

  12. How do the spinothalamic pathways and dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathways differ?

    • Spinothalamic- carries info about temperature and pain, slow

    • DCML- signals from skin muscles tendons and joints

  13. Where is S1 and S2 located

    • S1- the parietal lobe of the brain, line

    • S2- the lateral sulci, middle of the brain

  14. Difference between S1 and S2

    • S1- process somatic sensations

    • S2- stores process and retains that information

  15. What are the functions of Ruffini endings

    • detect skin stretch

    • joint activity

  16. Why do endogenous opiates block reuptake

    • reduce neurotransmitter release of pain

  17. what is the function of endogenous opiates

    • regulate pain and its emotional response

  18. What is tactile agnosia

    • the inability to recognize object through touch

  19. What are examples of tactile agnosia

    • not being able to comprehend the shape or size

    • cant tell a triangle

  20. examples of haptic perception

    • ability to grasp

  21. how do we sense pain?

    • pain receptors

    • through nociceptors throughout the body

  22. areas of the brain for painful experiences

    • anterior cingulate- perceived unpleasantness of pain sensation

    • prefrontal cortex- contributes to pain sensitization

  23. What is the gate control theory

  24. example of analgesia

    • inability to feel pain

    • aspirin is an example of a analgesia drug

  25. what are endogenous opiates

    • molecules that are naturally produce to reduce pain

  26. examples of hyperalgesia

    • experience extreme pain response

    • touching a burn

  27. where does the placebo effect alleviate pain

    • Placebo analgesia leads to reduced brain activity in brain areas such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, thalamus, insula, periaqueductal area, and anterior cingulate cortex

  28. what is a periphery

    • outside the boundery

  29. what are spatial details

  30. what is perception for action

    • using our hands to explore the world of surfaces and objects