Comprehensive Study Notes on Verbs Followed by the Gerund (V-ing)

Comprehensive List of Verbs Followed by the Gerund (V-ing): Items 1-8

The Vietnamese instructional material outlines a specific category of verbs and expressions that are required to be followed by the gerund form, represented as "V-ing". This grammatical structure is essential for expressing various actions and states. The list begins with Item 1: Admit doing st, which is defined as "thú nhận làm gì". This is followed by Item 2: Appreciate doing st, meaning "cảm kích làm gì", used when expressing gratitude or value for an action. Item 3 is Avoid doing st, translated as "tránh làm gì", indicating the prevention or evasion of an activity.

Item 4 focuses on a state of activity with Be busy doing st, meaning "bận làm gì". Item 5, Be worth doing st, translates to "đáng làm gì", suggesting that the action has sufficient value to justify the effort. Item 6 groups three synonymous expressions together: Can't help doing st, Can't stand doing st, and Can't bear doing st; these are all defined as "không thể chịu/nhịn được", or being unable to resist or tolerate something. Item 7 is Consider doing st, which means "xem xét, cân nhắc làm gì", involving the contemplation of a choice. Finally, Item 8 presents three verbs for deferring actions: Delay doing st, Postpone doing st, and Put off doing st, all defined as "hoãn lại làm gì".

Verbs and Expressions Requiring the Gerund (V-ing): Items 9-16

The second page of the guide continues the list, starting with Item 9: Deny doing st, which is defined as "phủ nhận làm gì", or stating that one did not perform an action. Item 10 includes Enjoy doing st and Fancy doing st, both meaning "thích làm gì". Item 11 is the expression Feel like doing st, which translates to "thích/muốn làm gì", indicating a desire or inclination. Item 12 is Finish doing st, defined as "hoàn thành làm gì".

Item 13 covers the process of becoming accustomed to an action with Get/be accustomed to doing st and Get/be used to doing st, both meaning "quen làm gì". Item 14 lists three verbs for strong dislike: Hate doing st, Detest doing st, and Resent doing st, all translated as "ghét làm gì". Item 15 describes difficulty in performance with Have difficulty (in) doing st, meaning "gặp khó khăn trong việc làm gì". Finishing this section is Item 16: Imagine doing st, which is defined as "tưởng tượng làm gì", or forming a mental image of an action.

Verbs and Expressions Requiring the Gerund (V-ing): Items 17-25

Moving further into the list, Item 17 is Involve doing st, defined as "có liên quan làm gì", suggesting that an action is a necessary part of a process. Item 18 is Keep doing st, which means "cứ làm gì", implying the continuation of an action. Item 19 is the common phrase Look forward to doing st, meaning "mong đợi làm gì", expressing positive anticipation. Item 20, Mention doing st, is defined as "đề cập làm gì", or referring to something.

Item 21 is Mind doing st, which translates to "phiền/ngại làm gì", used often in questions of permission or politeness. Item 22 is Miss doing st, defined as "suýt, lỡ làm gì", referring to narrowly avoiding or failing to participate. Item 23, Practice doing st, means "thực hành làm gì", or regular performance for skill. Item 24 is Recall doing st, translated as "nhớ lại làm gì", used for memory. Item 25 is Recommend doing st, which is defined as "đề xuất làm gì", or suggesting an advisable course of action.

Final Verbs and Expressions Followed by the Gerund (V-ing): Items 26-32

The final set of verbs provided in the transcript begins on Page 3 with Item 26: Resist doing st, defined as "phản đối làm gì", or opposing an urge. Item 27 is Risk doing st, which means "liều lĩnh làm gì", or taking a chance on a negative outcome. Item 28 is Spend time doing st, translated as "dành thời gian làm gì". Item 29, Suggest doing st, means "gợi ý làm gì", or proposing an idea.

Item 30 groups two idiomatic expressions: There is no point in doing st and It's no use/good doing st, both of which mean "không đáng làm gì" or "vô ích". Item 31 is Tolerate doing st, defined as "chịu đựng làm gì". The final numbered item, Item 32, is Waste time doing st, meaning "lãng phí thời gian làm gì". These items conclude the primary list of structures that require the gerund form to maintain grammatical correctness in English.

Advanced Grammatical Concepts: Perfect Gerund and Perfect Participle

Section III of the document introduces more complex forms of the gerund and participle. It specifically names the "PERFECT GERUND" (danh động từ hoàn thành) and the "PERFECT PARTICIPLE" (phân từ hoàn thành). While the specific usage rules for these were not detailed in the provided transcript, they represent a more advanced level of English grammar where the timing of the gerund or participle relates to a time prior to that of the main verb in the sentence. The transcript captures these as distinct categories for study following the basic usage of the V-ing form.