Untitled Flashcard Set

Herman Mellvile: -Born in 1819-1891 •Man of the people & born in New York -Oad made bad decisions & put them in poverly -1839 got onto a whaling ship, going whaling •Writes books about it: 42 novels abt a man going whaling 4 nothing with ideas just a pastime thing -1860: Melville awoke from his clog slumber Realized stories can be about ideas •Hawthorne changed his mind · Extreine guy (intense) ↳ Bought the house in the town where Hawthorne lives (moves to MA) - 1851: Published Moby Dick ·Huge flop & no one liked it ↳ no plot (everything is symbolic) 'He proved you can be too aread of his time - He hated the criticizing & he writes deeper stuff -Mispelled his name because no one liked him -19205: Critics rediscovered the imagery in Moby Dick •Wrote a top 10 short story: Bartleby the scrivener" in 1856 - you need detail analysie - Intro panagraph Hook Hook Contest Transition 4 Thesis Context Thesis Nathaniel Hawthome: -Born in 1804-1864 -Galem, Massachussets - His stories had to do with Puritanism -Su man & Stuck to himself -Grandfather $6 a judge is the Salem Witch Trial -Known for their imagery & symbolism & NOT REALIOM ↳ Vers those imagery & symbolism for talking about ideas Short Stories but be wrote the Scarlet Letter Set in Puritan times & negative emotions called · Poom O'Captain My Captain" -Wrote it on the occassion of Abraham's assassination Schopenhaver: ·German philosopher · Hedgehog's dilemma want • When two hedgehogs whant to be to they are going to spike each other Analytic claim.

It is defitionaly given to us.

Synthetic: you learn smith from it 09 Dack Romanticism: Dark Romantics (1830-1865): First period where it runs parallel with transcendentalism •Shift from external world to the internal world (Romanticism) • Like the mind & internal stuff rather than science 3 ↳ Stories interested in emotion Diff in T&Dark Rom.: ↳ To are intered in spiritual nature of mankind 49 Psychologists Dark Romantics are interested in psycholical nature of mankind study behavior & motivation we do • What's going on in our brain that makes us do what "To belive human nature = good, divine, majestic + Dark Romantics believe human nature= irrational, mysterious, ↳ Puritans & PR both think of humans are pessimistic en es Transcendstiliem •The first "American" literature Transcendentilism.

American literary movement that stresses the metaphysical/spiritual connection between all living beings.

Usually. this feeling of connection is a product of an encounter with natur on self-reliance Ironically, T's also place great emphasis Balph Waldo Emerson: ·Bom in 1803-1882 · Born in Boston, Massachusetts •· Father was a unitarian minister - Utarinism: A religion big with enlightment (Mix of Christianity & Enlighten -Freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, interpret scripture with log reasoning & rational ·Grew up an enlightenment life •Went to Harvard ·Became a teacher, but then he went back to Harvard to become like his father.

Ellen In 1829 he met his wife in 1829 · In 1831, he is a head priest on his church - Ellen dies because of tubercolosis (Viral infection in the lungs) - Becomes a crisis -Doubts his ideas pre -Struggling & becomes desperate so be leaves town & goes to Ene •In England he meets Wordsworth & Coleridge (Godfathers of nomain & were famous poets in England - Gets Emerson out of depression - How does he take romanticism to the next level? •Published nature minal Essays in 1836. ↳ Layed out the foundation of transcenditilism -Explaining how he views the world. -nature is everything in literature In Phi Beta Kappa - Honors fraternity (top in the univeraity Lemerson got invited to speak to them Emerson's speech: -Im not an artist -US needs like a foundational test -The person will take transcendentalism into art nature •Linel: We a looking og in the past · Line 2: Our age respectsa honors our fathers. (We respect the past) L Guidance respect ↳ Fathers are used to show the past Love Father-wisdom Strengh · Line 3: Biographies, histories, & criticism also is all in the past enee (powerful) · Line 4: Eye is the most important IPA CONG Knowledge Esc-Understanding They understood the Dig Picture.

F They came up rect with ideas through direct observation.

We use their understanding.

Emerson says they need to think for themselves.

Walt Whitman: 1819-1892 •Born in Brooklyn, ny Limited education -Dropped out of his to help making money for his family Started working as a printer -Ecen a lot of things abt America not the inventor, but next stage of transcendalism "He loves poems & writing & looks up to emerson 1855, Leaves in Grass: D -55 poems (Rly long poem song of myself) 200 -Writes a letter to Emorson to say that he is the guy that Emerson was talking abt in the Phi Beta Kappa Speech •Emmerson is blown away!!! You can't say you're gay atp. ↳ go good & congratualetes him but says can you make it less gay. "Poem was sort of not homosexual -sold amazingly well & the start of American literature RA Dark Romantic Psychology: 19th century: begginings of splitting the wind into multiple diff inflences/parts. · Parts of ourselves are imational & we don't know why we do it.

Concious: Rational & product of thought Subconcious: Unaware & a product of emotion •Freudian Comperlents of Self: -Not a scientists ·Freud was not an empiricits.

Modern psychologists is based of empirics -3 Compents: Superca -Super Ego: Composed of everything you want to be (goals & dreams) -Ego: your perception of yourself (identify) (judged by living up to your " unconscious as, emotional desires & fears, animalistic,, informed, only be •Id: 3 Sensory feeling (desire) four id tells us to listen to stuff like greed & lust (negative) Constant a •Conclusions: -Subconscious >>>>> conscious min -Mind is an iceberg: 10% is actually rational, other 90% is irrational -Freudian term: Id>Egp/Superoce Responges & Dealing with negative enzations: 4 -Unhealthy option 0: let is completely control you to Consequences are so big • Borely happens • Unhealthy option 1: Regression a ignoring their emotions an Unhealthy option 2: Progrection is when you inlogically blame negative emotions on external person, place, & thing •Healthy option.

Admit & accept responsibility Step 1 Step 2 12 In Dark Romantic Stories, look for wierd statements/actions (Uhy? Delulu?) · Are there situations that involve negative emotions? • How are the negative emotions handled? → Controlled bus Bepression Projection American Transcendentalism (1836-65).

Puratinism vs.

Enlightenment vs.

Rapanticism: •Romanticism is the overall umbrella with transcendentalism under it · Romantician: Intellectual traditions that values personal emotion & experience · - Moving from objectivity to gubjectivity -Abandoning the search for universal, in preference of the personal & memo. - what makes life meaningful are the personal perspective, emotions -Starts in EU, 1789-1832 20 Puritanism Enlightenment Most important Spiritual World Physical world world? Basic Law God's Laws natural Law Decision- (Bibles Laws) Faith making Reason (think & logical) attribute Romanticism Internal world (feelings & emotions Law of con nce Emoting & Feeling Institution Religion/Church/Science/University not one Concept of Evil&weak Special because of reason Good (opposite of humanity nature? Puritanism) Sign of God's Object to be studied. power Romantic Art: 6 -Puritan Art: Praise God & teach about Christianity (scenes from the Bible) -Enlightenment Art: Imitate & describe nature accurately & show mastery of the physical world · Romantic Art: -Should provoke feelings not thoughts · Emotion matters more than detail. •The Scientific Revolution (1043-1687). · End of the Renaissance · Renaissance learning sparks scientific breakthroughs -Engineering -Design -Anatomy -Electricity •We learn MORE than the Romans • Coppernicus published the Heliocentric in 1643 -not what the Bible said • Newton created the Calculus in 1687 •The defining idea is T EMPIRICISm -Knowledge is the product of sensory experience of the world - Nothing is true or false unless its verified by our senses Previously based on the traditions & Delifs change -Radical shan EU Enlightment (1715-1789) •Enlightenment application of empiricism/ scientific thinking of culture/art • Focus on reason & Science • Curiosity about external world - everybody is seeking to find Universalies. •Universal Law is true all time & everywhere · Key figures: -Newton -Kant: Moral philosopher.

ANSWER -David Hume: -Rosseau/Lockce: Politics · Adam Smith· 1/niversal Law is Bugging & selling stuff (Supply & Demand) -Voltaire: ·David Hume: - He questioned Science • How do we know the future will be same as the post? -All of science is just a quess of the future -Science doesn't predict the future -Calls it Problem of Induction (aka Empiricism) end S •Emmanuel Kant: -60 specific & was like a robot -"Hume awoke me in thy dogmatic Olumber' 11 -Finally, proves that Hume's problem is not true - Aloo big in monal Social Implications of Empiricism: • Knowledge is independent & democratic •In the past knowledge were for the higher status people •Don't need someone's permission (independent) · The peasants & kings (everyone) has the same ability to see (democratic ·Pretty radical American Enlightenment: How would thinking of the Enlightenment affect politics ·Besson is valuable -Berational, have evidence & data •All humans have reasons ∙Why wouldn't all humans be valuable? -Democracy be everyone has a say -Everybody bad human rights ••Rights were a privelege & only for specific people Revolution -Overthrow the government when they fail to represent or protect the people, Americans can overthrow them •Major authors: -Benjamin Franklin •Autobiography & Poor Richard Almanacks -Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independent -Thomas Payne: -Common Sonee (reason to fight for the Revolution) • Age of Reason (treatment of religion) •All of them were Deists(Deism) -Staver Believes in a person or deity In like Christanity it's personal -Believed as God as a watanumaker (something created universe E2H Day 3 - The Ely Enlightenment: The EU Rehaiseance 1300-1600 The Roman Empire: -Conquered n70s+ of EU and Middle East - Lot of knowledge (math, ostronomy, geo.) -Giant building, roads were really reliable, aquaducts for water, indoor -Most advanced -Height is from OAD-300AD - Barbaric German tribes start taking over Romain territory •The tribes take over Roman empire (collapsed) -System of trade & advancement go down with Gomans. - With land you need labor, but for labor yo. need to be safe -Feudalism Fragmentations of EU broken into castle lingdoins safe wher the protected the peasants in exchange of work •No spread of knowledge (Dark ages) ·Feudalism encourages stability not growth · Gotten dumber bc no books, ideas & scholars stopped flowing - Betwn Roman & the building of IL DWOMG no one knew how to build- -Most imp thing for Renaissance: Turning point for civilization & be on a growing trajectores What caused the change.

The Rediscovery of classical txts - Classical = Greek & Roman - Product of Crusades Cover war) -Find a bunch of books in the Middle East •Increase in practical & theoretical knowledge *- Increased economy + More food - More babies! Famous: Da Vinci, Shakespeare, Coppemicus, Michelangelo, Galileo