Test 1

Scientific Notation:

• All non-zero digits count as sig figs

• Decimal Number: start counting from the left, beginning with the nonzero digit. That digit, and everything after it, including zero, are significant

  • Ex: 41.569 has 5 sig figs

  Number without a decimal: start counting from the right, beginning with a nonzero digit. That digit and everything before it, including zero, are significant.

  • Ex: 1900 has 2 sig figs

• Multiplication/Division:

  • The least # of significant figures in any # of the problem determines the # of significant figures in the answer.

• Adding/Subtraction:

  • Round your answer to the least number fo decimal places of any number on the problem =

Metric Conversion:

• Standard Base Units:

  • Length: meter

  • Mass: grams

  • Volume: Liter

  • Temperature: Kelvin

  • Time: Second

  • Pressure: Pascals

  • Energy/Heat: Joules

  • Counting Atoms: moles

• Problem Solving and Dimensional Analysis

  • Formula:

    • Given x Wanted/Given x Desired/Wanted

Percent Error:

• %Error = |Experimental - Theoretical|/|Theoretical| x 100

Density:

• Density(g/cm³ or g/mL) = mass(g)/volume(cm³/mL)

Atomic Structure

• Atomic Number: number or protons

• Mass number = number of protons + neutrons

  
  

  

Coulomb’s Law:

• F = k (q1*q2)/(r²)

  • q = point charges

  • r = distance between the charges

  • k = Coulomb’s constant: 9.0 × 10^9 Nm²/C²(given for the test)

Bulk Properties:

• Viscosity: thickness/stickiness(think of batter or slime)

States of Matter(things that are often forgotten):

Solid: Expands slightly when heated

• Phase changes

  • solid—>liquid is fusion or melting

  • solid —>gas is sublimation

  • gas—→ deposition

Separation Methods (often forgotten):

• Decanting:

  • Ex: pouring out water onto a stick to obtain only the sand

• Distillation

  • Ex: Separates homogenous mixtures based on differences in boiling points