adaptations

Camels —> camels are adapted to the hot and dry conditions of a desert.

Structural adaptations are adaptations of body shape or body structure.

Camels have a hump on their back which is a store of fat. Fat is a thermal insulator , by .storing fat in one place this allows heat loss from the other parts of the camels body. Also reduces water loss from sweating.

.Metabolic reactions can used to produce water from the fat. Camels have a thick coat on the upper surface of their body this also reduces water loss from sweating.

. The inside of a camels mouth is leathery thus means they can chew desert plants which often have thorns. And these plants can be a good source of water.

. Camels have long keeps dust out their eyes.

. They can also close their nostrils to keep dust out their nose.

. Wide feet which prevents camel from sinking into the sand.

Functional adaptations the body functions of an organism.

Camels produce concentrated urine and dry faeces both of these reduce water loss.

Camels can tolerate very large changes in their body temperature. Helps them cope with the intense heat of the desert.

Kangaroo rats —> behavioural adaptations

They are nocturnal this means they avoid the heat of the daytime. During the day kangaroo rats live in burrows underground. This keeps them cool and away from predators.

Arctic fox/polar bear —→ structural adaptations

Very thick fur , provides insulation and reduces heat loss to the air. Also has fur on soles of the feet this reduces heat loss to the ice and the snow. Very small ears this reduces the surface area of the fox , reducing heat loss. The artic fox’s coat provides effective camouflage which helps artic fox hunt its prey. Polar bear thick blubber/ fur for insulation , large flat fleet for weight distribution and snow traction,

Cactus/plant—→ cacti have very small leaves which reduces water loss. Other cacti have spines these spine protect the cactus from animals. Cacti have extensive and shallow roots this allows cacti to catch as much water as possible after rainfall before water evaporates. Cacti can also store water in the stem this means that cacti can survive many months without rain.

Extremophiles—→ organisms adapted to live in very extreme conditions. Deep sea vent found on sea bed the conditions around these are harsh e.g High temperatures and pressures. Bacteria lives in these vents these bacteria are extremophiles. Extremophiles can also live in high concentrations of salt.