Untitled Flashcards Set

Flashcard 1
Q: What are the three stages of birth?
A: Labor, delivery of baby, delivery of placenta.

Flashcard 2
Q: What are two evolutionary adaptations for childbirth?
A: Soft skull for easier birth, newborn dependence on caregivers.

Flashcard 3
Q: Name two common birth complications.
A: Oxygen deprivation (anoxia), breech birth.

Flashcard 4
Q: What is the neonatal period?
A: The first 28 days of life.

Flashcard 5
Q: What does the Apgar score measure?
A: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (0-10 scale).

Flashcard 6
Q: What is considered low birth weight?
A: Less than 5.5 lbs (2,500 grams).

Infant Reflexes & Development

Flashcard 7
Q: Name three newborn reflexes.
A: Rooting, grasping, Moro (startle) reflex.

Flashcard 8
Q: Can neonates feel pain?
A: Yes, they respond to painful stimuli.

Flashcard 9
Q: What is postpartum depression?
A: Long-term depression after childbirth affecting bonding.

Flashcard 10
Q: What is the difference between sensation and perception?
A: Sensation = detecting stimuli; Perception = interpreting stimuli.

Brain & Growth

Flashcard 11
Q: What part of the body grows the fastest in infancy?
A: The brain.

Flashcard 12
Q: What are the parts of a neuron?
A: Dendrites, soma, axon, myelin sheath, synaptic terminals.

Flashcard 13
Q: How do neurons change during infancy?
A: Increased synapses, myelination, and synaptic pruning.

Flashcard 14
Q: What is synaptic exuberance?
A: Rapid formation of neural connections.

Flashcard 15
Q: What is synaptic pruning?
A: The brain removing unused connections.

Flashcard 16
Q: Name the four brain lobes and a function of each.
A:

• Frontal: Thinking/movement

• Parietal: Touch

• Occipital: Vision

• Temporal: Hearing/memory

Motor & Cognitive Development

Flashcard 17
Q: What did studies of Romanian orphanages show?
A: Neglect harms brain and social development.

Flashcard 18
Q: What is gross motor development?
A: Large movements like crawling and walking.

Flashcard 19
Q: What is fine motor development?
A: Small movements like grasping and writing.

Flashcard 20
Q: How is infant depth perception tested?
A: The "visual cliff" experiment.

Flashcard 21
Q: What is Piaget’s sensorimotor stage?
A: 0-2 years; learning through senses and movement.

Flashcard 22
Q: What is assimilation?
A: Fitting new info into existing ideas.

Flashcard 23
Q: What is accommodation?
A: Changing ideas to fit new info.

Memory & Learning

Flashcard 24
Q: What is habituation?
A: Decreased response to a repeated stimulus.

Flashcard 25
Q: What is dishabituation?
A: Renewed interest in a new stimulus.

Flashcard 26
Q: What is the information processing approach?
A: Compares thinking to a computer (memory, attention).

Flashcard 27
Q: What is joint attention?
A: Focusing on something together with someone else.

Flashcard 28
Q: Recognition vs. recall?
A: Recognition = multiple choice; Recall = essay.

Temperament & Emotional Development

Flashcard 29
Q: What is infant temperament?
A: A baby’s natural personality style.

Flashcard 30
Q: What is "goodness of fit"?
A: A child’s temperament matching their environment.

Flashcard 31
Q: How do toddlers' bodies change?
A: Slower growth, more muscle, better coordination.

Flashcard 32
Q: Growth: Developed vs. developing countries?
A: Developed: better nutrition, fewer illnesses; Developing: risk of malnutrition.

Flashcard 33
Q: How do infant sleep patterns change?
A: Sleep 14-17 hrs/day, then transition to adult-like patterns.

Theories of Development

Flashcard 34
Q: What are key ideas in Piaget’s theory?
A: Schemas, adaptation, object permanence, stages of cognitive development.

Flashcard 35
Q: What are key ideas in Vygotsky’s theory?
A: Zone of Proximal Development, scaffolding, learning through social interaction.

Flashcard 36
Q: What brain areas are important for language?
A:

• Broca’s area (speech production)

• Wernicke’s area (language understanding)

Flashcard 37
Q: What is emotional self-regulation?
A: Controlling emotions based on the situation