Study Guide

Chapter 15: Conquering a Content, 1860 - 1890

• 1862 - Pacific Railways Act

  • connect east and west at utah

• 1862 - Homestead Act (160)

  • Morill Act

    • created by Fed Dep of Agriculture

      • gave states land for land grant colleges, focused on agriculture and production

• 1864 - Sand Creek Massacre

  • attack by Colorodan militia on the Cheyenne at Sand Creek

• 1866 - Fetterman Massacre

  • Cheyenne (Lakota) massacre of whites

  • Lock him up

  • close up BOesman trail

• 1868 - Seward’s Ice Box

  • purchase of Alaska from Russia

  • hated but acc hated the us

  • natural resources

• 1868 - Burlingame Treaty

  • Allowing US missionaries into China

• 1872 - Yellowstone established as National Park (hold and manage land)

  • railroad usage

• 1872 - General Mining Act

  • if found minerals on fed land they can keep it + the proceeds

• 1876 - Battle of Little Big Horn

  • Sitting Bull (leader of Lakotas) refused to transfer onto a reservation

  • Geronimo took up arms in protest because his people were dying of starvation on the reservations

• 1878 - John Wesley Powell + Report on Lands

  • should follow the Mormon model and create sustainable land through dams and canals

  • said that the Homestead wouldn’t work

• 1883 - Ex Parte Crow Dog

  • any NA was not a citizen unless Congress declared them to be one

• 1887 - Dawes Severalty Act

  • split up native land lands into nations

    • loss of 66% of land for the natives

• 1889 - Ghost Dance Movement

  • dancing in hopes of bringing back bison and storms to drive out the whites

    • Wounded Knee - 1890

• 1890 - Yosemite established as a National Park (Cali)

• 1903 - Lone Wolf v Hitchcock

  • established that Congress can make whatever policies toward Natives that they want

Chapter 16: Industrial America; Corporations and Conflict, 1877 - 1911

• 1867 - National Grange founded

  • counter rising power of corporate middlemen

  • advocate political action

• 1869 - Knights of Labor

  • secret society of garment makers

  • wanted control over enterprises

• 1870 - John D Rockefeller and Standard Oil Company

  • horizontal integration: powerful business forces rivals to merge into 1

  • trust: board of trustees holds + manages stocks

• 1872 - Andrew Carnegie + Steel Mill

  • management revolution: internal structure of factory

• 1874 - Greenback Labor Party

  • protect worker rights, voting, continue reconstruction

• 1877 - Great Railroad Strike

  • protest increased corporation power + wage cuts

• 1877 - Farmer’s alliance

  • greater govt aid to farmers + stricter regulations on working conditions

• 1878 - 1885 Gustavas Swift + vertical integration

  • company controls all aspects of production and the assembly line

  • predatory pricing: drops prices below the cost to drive small competitors out

• Henry George + Progress and Poverty

  • explains why poverty exists despite increasing wealth in the US

  • proposed “single tax”

• 1882 - Chinese Exclusion Act

  • barred Chinese laborers from entering US

    • gave power to immigration officials

• 1886 - Haymarket Square

  • altercation with the police

  • bombing by anarchist

• 1886 - American Federation of Labor

  • direct negotiation w/ employers, dealing with workplace practices

• 1887 - Hatch Act

  • federal funding for agriculture research + education

• 1887 - Interstate Commerce Commission

  • regulate railroad corporation practices

• 1889 - Gospel of Wealth published

  • wealth comes from corporate success (system of merit)

  • but those who are wealthy should put their wealth towards the good as well and those who need it

• 1892 - Andrew Carnegie Homestead Strike

  • workers want higher wages and better conditions

• 1901 - JP Morgan buys Carnegie Steel

Chapter 17: Making Modern American Culture, 1880 - 1917

• Social Darwinism

  • natural selection

  • survival of the fittest

• WG Sumner → competition

• eugenics: science of human breeding

  • belief mentally deficient should not reproduce

  • “lower races”

  • supported by Jim Crow laws

• Plessy v Ferguson → Jim Crow

  • separate but equal

• 1873 - Comstock Act

  • Anthony prohibited circulation of any info regarding sex + birth control

• 1874 - Women’s Christian Temperance Union

• 1880s - 90s - Social Gospel

  • reforming society (welfare + social justice) thru faith based service

  • fundamentalism: strict interpretation, v/ conservative

• 1881 - Booker T Washington → Tuskegee Institute

  • goal of self help + making a life

• 1887 - American Protective Association

  • nativist group outraged w/ separate catholic school + wanted Protestant teachers

• 1892 - John Muir/Sierra Club

  • loved nature

  • preserving mountains

  • expand park service and reservations

• Atlanta Compromise Address

  • urged everyone to work together

  • interpreted as approving racial segregation

• 1906 - Antiquities Act/Theodore Roosevelt

  • expand protections

  • set aside “object of historic/scientific interest” as national monuments

Chapter 19: Whose Government? Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880 - 1917

• 1883 - Chester A. Arthur

  • Pendelton act: merit based system

Benjamin Harrison

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act

  • banned monopolies

Roosevelt

• 1902 - Newlands recreation act

  • allowed govt to sell land and implement irrigation systems to support the farmers

• 1906 - Hepburn act

  • railroad regulation

• 1906 - Pure Food and Drug

Taft

• 1913 - Federal reserve act

  • money supply to grow economy

Wilson - domestic reform

• 1914 - Clayton anti-trust act

  • break up monopolies

  • labor unions can’t be persecuted for protesting

SCOTUS

• Williams v Mississippi

  • Jim Crow: separate vs. equal

  • allowed literacy tests and polls

• Lochner v New York

  • limiting workers’ hours was against worker’s contract

• Muller v Oregan

  • women could have fewer work hours

Muckrakers - investigate, create, legislate

expose