AC3.1
Describe the role of the judge in a crown court trial (4)
-Manages the trial + ensures fairness.
-Decides points of law + admissibility of evidence.
-Explains legal issues + sums up evidence to jury.
-Passes sentence if defendant found guilty.
Explain the role of the police in social control (6)
-Basic mission is preventing crime + disorder (Peel’s philosophy) which maintains social order.
-Keep peace + maintain order; protect life + property which ensures public safety.
-Prevent, detect + investigate crime to bring offenders to justice.
-Use legal powers (stop + search, arrest, detain, question) to remove offenders + deter future crime.
-Public cooperation essential (police are the public) this legitimacy strengthens social control.
Outline the role of the prison service in England + Wales (3)
-Keeps sentenced offenders in secure custody.
-Protects public through incapacitation.
-Works to rehabilitate prisoners to reduce reoffending.
Outline the role of a jury in a crown court case (3)
-Listen to all evidence presented in court.
-Decide the verdict (guilty or not guilty) based on facts.
-Follow the judge’s directions on the law.
Identify how the agencies in the ministry of justice are funded (1)
-Funded through central government via taxation.
Explain the role of the national probation service in achieving social control (5)
-Protects the public by rehabilitating offenders.
-Supervises offenders in community + on licence.
-Prepares pre-sentence reports to guide courts.
-Assesses prisoners before release.
-Works with other agencies to reduce reoffending.
Discuss the role of the police service in achieving social control (5)
-Aim to prevent crime + maintain order to reduce offending.
-Investigate offences + gather evidence to enable prosecution.
-Use powers such as arrest + detention (PACE) to protect the public.
-Visible patrols + community work would deter crime + maintain confidence.
Describe how the probation service is funded (3)
-Funded by central government.
-Money provided through the Ministry of Justice.
-Funding comes from taxation.
Describe what a crown prosecutor would say about the role of the crown prosecution service in the organisation of the criminal justice system (5)
-Established under Prosecution of Offences Act 1985.
-Independent from police to avoid bias.
-Advises police during investigations.
-Decides whether to prosecute + what charge to bring.
-Applies evidential + public interest tests.
-Prepares + presents prosecution case in court.
Discuss the role of social control agencies involved in bringing Ellie to justice (9)
-Police= Investigate burglary + gather evidence. Arrest + interview Ellie under PACE. Pass case file to CPS to detect crime + begin justice process.
-CPS= Independently review evidence. Apply evidential + public interest tests. Decide charge + prosecute case while maintaining fairness.
-Courts= Magistrates decide mode of trial (either-way offence). In Crown Court jury determines guilt. Judge imposes sentence which includes punishment, deterrence + protection of public.
-Together they detect, prosecute + punish to maintaining social order.
Briefly explain the role of 1 charity involved in achieving social control. (4)
-Prison Reform Trust campaigns for a fair + effective penal system.
-Conducts research + influences government policy.
-Promotes alternatives to unnecessary imprisonment.
-Aims to reduce reoffending and improve justice outcomes.
Briefly describe how prisons serve as a method of social control. (4)
-Protect the public by holding offenders securely.
-Incapacitate high-risk offenders.
-Provide rehabilitation programmes to change behaviour.
-Use discipline + incentives (earned privileges) to enforce conformity.
Identify how state prisons are funded. (1)
-Ministry of Justice (government funded through taxation).
Identify 2 aims of prisons. (2)
-Protect the public.
-Rehabilitate offenders.
Briefly explain the role of charities, such as Broken System, in social control. (4)
-Independent voluntary organisations aiming to improve the criminal justice system.
-Campaign to create a just, humane + effective penal system.
-Promote alternatives to unnecessary imprisonment and community solutions.
-Improve treatment + conditions for prisoners and families which reduces reoffending + strengthens social control.
Identify 1 aim of the police service in achieving social control. (1)
-Maintain law + order.
Explain the reach, and other working practices, of the police service in achieving social control. (6)
-National + local reach: 43 forces in England + 4 Wales which gives nationwide coverage.
-Deals with almost all types of crime + offenders giving broad responsibility.
-General duties: patrols, responding to calls, securing crime scenes which is day-to-day enforcement.
-Specialist units (CID, drugs squad, counter-terrorism) deals with serious/complex crime.
-Unarmed policing reflects force as last resort to maintain public trust.
-Police + Crime Commissioners set local priorities + budgets giving democratic accountability.
Identify 3 aspects of the role of a judge in a criminal case. (3)
-Decides points of law + admissibility of evidence.
-Explains legal issues + sums up evidence to jury.
-Passes sentence if defendant found guilty.
Identify 2 aims or objectives of the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) (2)
-Prosecute offenders.
-Bring about justice.
Identify the source of the funding of the CPS. (1)
-Central government funding through taxation.
Pressure groups (4)
-Organisations that seek to influence criminal justice policy.
-Campaign for legal reform.
-Use research, lobbying + media campaigns.
-Aim to improve fairness + effectiveness of social control.
Identify the aims of judiciary in achieving social control. (2)
-Ensure justice carried out fairly + according to law.
-Punish offenders + protect public.
Identify the aims of probation in achieving social control. (2)
-Rehabilitate offenders + reduce reoffending.
-Protect public through supervision in community.
Identify the aims of charities in achieving social control. (2)
-Reform criminal justice system.
-Support offenders + reduce reoffending.
Identify the aims of pressure groups in achieving social control.
-Influence law + criminal justice policy.
-Promote fair + effective social control methods.
Describe how the police service is funded. (3)
-Funded mainly through central government.
-Additional funding from local council tax.
-Small amount raised through charging for services
Describe how the judiciary are funded. (3)
-Funded by government.
-Money provided through Ministry of Justice.
-Funding comes from general taxation.
Describe how charities are funded. (3)
-Voluntary donations.
-Membership fees + fundraising.
-Grants from trusts or organisations.
Describe how pressure groups are funded. (3)
-Funded through donations from supporters.
-Membership subscriptions.
-Fundraising events or grants.
Philosophy of police (5)
-Based on Peel’s principles: basic mission is preventing crime + disorder.
-Depend on public cooperation + approval.
-Use physical force only as a last resort.
-“Police are the public + the public are the police.”
-Maintains social control by preventing crime + preserving order through legitimacy.
Philosophy of CPS (5)
-Independent + fair prosecutions without bias.
-Seek justice, not just convictions.
-Only prosecute cases that pass evidential + public interest tests.
-Treat everyone with respect + equality.
-Maintains social control by ensuring fair + consistent prosecution decisions.
Philosophy of judiciary (5)
-Judicial independence from government interference.
-Impartiality + equal treatment in court.
-Integrity + competence in applying the law.
-Interpret + apply law according to judicial oath.
-Maintains social control through fair trials + lawful punishment.
Philosophy of prisons (5)
-Protect the public from harm.
-Punish through loss of liberty.
-Aim to rehabilitate + change offenders’ lives.
-Hold prisoners securely + enforce court sentences.
-Maintains social control by incapacitating + reforming offenders.
Philosophy of national probation service (5)
-Belief offenders can change.
-Commitment to social justice + inclusion.
-Protect public while rehabilitating offenders.
-Supervise offenders in community + on licence.
-Maintains social control by reducing reoffending.
Philosophy of charities + pressure groups (5)
-Improve fairness + effectiveness of justice system.
-Promote human rights + social justice.
-Campaign for alternatives to imprisonment.
-Influence government policy.
-Maintains social control by improving how crime is managed.
Explain the reach + other practices of the CPS in achieving social control. (6)
-National body across England + Wales with 14 regional teams.
-CPS Direct provides 24/7 charging advice.
-Deals with full range of offences except minor cases.
-Independently reviews police evidence.
-Applies evidential + public interest tests.
-Prepares + presents cases in court which ensures consistent + fair prosecution nationwide.
Explain the reach + other practices of the Judiciary in achieving social control. (6)
-National reach: Supreme Court handles national legal issues.
-Lower courts handle local cases.
-Judges independent (security of tenure, guaranteed salary).
-Interpret + apply law.
-Manage trials + ensure fairness.
-Impose sentences which maintains lawful social control.
Explain the reach + other practices of the probation in achieving social control. (6)
-National service operating across England + Wales.
-Supervises around 250,000 offenders in the community.
-Prepares pre-sentence reports.
-Supervises licence conditions after prison release.
-Manages approved premises.
-Works in partnership with courts + police which reduces reoffending + protects public.
Explain the reach + other practices of prisons in achieving social control. (6)
-Nationally organised across England + Wales.
-Hold high-risk offenders unsuitable for community sentences.
-Categorise prisoners (A–D) based on risk.
-Operate strict security + routines.
-Provide education + rehabilitation programmes.
-Work with probation for release which protects public + reduces reoffending.
Explain the reach + other practices of charities in achieving social control. (6)
-Operate nationally with local projects (e.g. Nacro in 50 areas).
-Work with ex-offenders + young people at risk.
-Provide housing, education + resettlement support.
-Campaign for legal reform (e.g. Rehabilitation of Offenders Act reform).
-Use research + media to influence policy.
-Help reduce reoffending + strengthen social control.
Explain the reach + other practices of pressure groups in achieving social control. (6)
-Operate nationally to influence government policy.
-Campaign for changes in criminal justice law.
-Use research, lobbying + media campaigns.
-Raise public awareness of justice issues.
-Promote alternatives to imprisonment.
-Influence policy to improve fairness + effectiveness of social control.