(2) Enthalpy of a neutralization reaction (acid base reaction) with example

Steps to Complete the Acid-Base Reaction Lab

1. Gather Materials:

   • 50 mL of 0.1 M NaOH (base)

   • 50 mL of 0.1 M HCl (acid)

   • Thermometer

   • Calorimeter (foam cup)

   • Graduated cylinder

2. Prepare the Reactants:

   • Measure 50 mL of 0.1 M NaOH and pour it into the calorimeter.

   • Measure 50 mL of 0.1 M HCl and set it aside.

3. Measure Initial Temperature:

   • Measure and record the initial temperature of the NaOH solution using the thermometer.

4. Mix Reactants:

   • Quickly add the 50 mL of HCl to the NaOH in the calorimeter and mix thoroughly.

5. Measure Final Temperature:

   • After mixing, measure and record the final temperature of the solution in the calorimeter once it stabilizes.

6. Calculate Temperature Change (ΔT):

   • Use the formula ΔT = T_final - T_initial.

7. Calculate Heat Absorbed by the Solution:

   • Use the formula Q_solution = mCΔT, where:

     • m = mass of the solution (100 g)

     • C = specific heat capacity of water (4.184 J/g/°C)

     • ΔT = temperature change calculated previously.

8. Calculate Heat Absorbed by the Calorimeter:

   • Use the formula Q_calorimeter = heat capacity × ΔT, where heat capacity = 5.0 J/°C.

9. Calculate Total Energy Change for the Reaction:

   • Calculate total heat released using Q_reaction = - (Q_solution + Q_calorimeter).

10. Determine Moles of Limiting Reactant:

    • 
      

      Calculate moles of HCl using the formula:Moles = volume (L) × concentration (moles/L).

11. Calculate Enthalpy (ΔH):

    • Use the formula ΔH = Q_reaction / moles of limiting reactant.

12. Record Observations:

    • Note any qualitative observations during the reaction and tabulate your results.

13. Analyze Results:

    • Discuss the exothermic nature of the reaction and any relevant observations based on your findings.