VIT 165 Study GuideExam details• Mid-Term 2

American species and rootstocks

• Growers should select rootstocks that are? Make sure you can answer this question for

several points

  • Resistant to soil-borne pests and diseases

  • Suitable for the soil’s texture, depth, and fertility

  • Compatible with the soil’s chemistry (pH, salinity, lime content)

  • Favored for the anticipated soil water availability, drainage, and irrigation practice

  • Appropriate for the vineyard design

  • Appropriate for the fruiting variety’s growth and fruiting practice

• Name soil-borne pests

  • Phylloxera

  • Nematodes

  • Margarodes

  • Phytophthora cinnamomi

• Name the four forms of Phylloxera

  • Root

  • Leaf

  • Sexual

  • Winged

• Name some damaging nematodes

  • Root Knot

  • Lesion

  • Dagger

  • Citrus

• What is the difference between nematodes and worms?

  • Size, worms are segmented and nematodes are not

• Know the 2 sub-genera of Vitis and the differences between them

  • Euvitis

    • Multiple Species

    • American Vitis species= about 30

    • Chromosome number: n=19

  • Muscadinia

    • Muscadinia rotundifolia

    • Chromosome Number: n = 20 (2n=40)

• Be able to name multiple American Vitis Species – this will be on the test. Don’t worry

about the person’s name who discovered the species.

  • V. aestivalis

  • V. berlandieri

  • V. candicans

  • V. vinerea

  • V. cordifolia

  • V. labrusca

  • V. monticola

  • V. riparia

  • V. rupestris

  • V. arizonica

  • V. califonica

• Know one important V. riparia and V. rupestis rootstock that was naturally selected.

  • V. riparia: Riparia gloire

  • V. rupestris: Rupestris du Lot (Saint George)

• Know details and the pro’s and cons for V. riparia, V. rupestris, V. aestivalis, V. labrusca,

V. cinerea, M. rotundifolia (see below)

  1. V. riparia

    1. Pro: Cuttings root and graft easily.

    2. Con: Don’t tolerate lime soils.

  2. V. rupestris

    1. Pro: Resistance to Pierce's disease and fungal diseases.

    2. Con: Susceptible to root know and dagger nematodes.

  3. V. aestivalis

    1. Pro: Drought resistant.

    2. Con: Susceptible to Phylloxera.

  4. V. cinerea

    1. Pro: High resistance to Phylloxera.

    2. Susceptible to lime, drought.

  5. V. labrusca

    1. Pro: Grafts / roots very easily.

    2. Con: Susceptible to Phylloxera.

  6. M. rotundifolia

    1. Pro: Immune to Phylloxera, root knot nematode, Phytophthora, fungal infections.

    2. Con: Difficult to graft. 

• For M. rotundifolia – know pro’s and cons and the two commercial rootstocks that came

from crossing vinifera and rotundifolia.

  • 039-16

  • 043-43

    • Pro: Immune to Phylloxera, root knot nematode, Phytophthora, fungal infections.

    • Con: Difficult to graft. 

• Don’t study the details of V. candicans, V. monticola, V. cordifolia, V. berlandieri

• Be able to name V. berlandieri x V. rupestris crosses 

  • 1103 Paulsen, 99 Richter, 110 Richter and 140 Ruggeri


• Name or give the cross names for 

  • V. berlandieri x V. riparia hybrids

    • 161-49 Couderc

    • 420 A Mgt

    • SO4

    • 5BB, 5C Teleki

  •  V. riparia x V.rupestris hybrids.

    • 3306 Couderc

    • 3309 Couderc

    • 101-14 Mgt

    • Schwarzmann

• Name multi species hybrids – don’t study the full pedigrees.

  • 196-7 Castel

  • 1613 Couderc

  • 1616 Couderc

  • Harmony

  • Freedom

  • 44-45 Melague

  • US8-7

• Be able to name some newer rootstocks

  • GRN 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

  • Kingfisher

  • Matador

  • Minotaur

Rootstocks II

• Know a synonym for the following rootstocks – Rupestris du Lot, 1103 Paulsen, 3309

Couderc, Ramsey, 5BB Teleki, Dog Ridge

  1. Rupestris du Lot - 

    1. St George 

    2. Flower- male

  2. 1103 Paulsen - 

    1. aka 1103 P

    2. Origin- Italy

    3. Flower: male

  3. 3309 Couderc - 

    1. aka 3309 C

    2. Origin- France

    3. Flower- male

  4. Ramsey - 

    1. aka salt creek

    2. Flower- female

  5. 5BB Teleki -

    1. aka 5BB

    2. Flower-  female

  6. Dog Ridge - 

    1. aka Dogridge

    2. Flower- female

• Know the flower type (male or female) of the rootstocks (Rupestris du Lot, 1103

Paulsen, 3309 Couderc, Ramsey, 5BB Teleki, Dog Ridge, SO4, O39-16)

  • SO4: Male

  • O39-16: No FLOWERS

• Know distinguishing leaf characteristics (in orange font) of the following rootstocks

– Rupestris du Lot, 1103 Paulsen, Dog Ridge, O39-16, 5BB, 3309 Couderc

  • Rupestris du Lot:

    •  petiolar sinus strikingly open-brace shaped. 

    • Removing bark on trunk will show a bright green woody tissue instead of the usual whitish color

  • 1103 Paulsen:

    • Open and L3 veins exposed

  • Dog Ridge:

    • Teeth nearly non-exsistent

  • O39-16:

    • Petiolar Sinus V-Shaped

  • 5BB: 

    • Very large

    • Thick and leathery

    • Upward turned edges

    • Primary veins pinkish near petiolar sinus

  • 3309 Couderc:

    • Few hairs on primary veins on bottom

    • Petiolar sinus U-shaped (young leaf V-shaped

• Know which rootstocks are V. champinii

  • Ramsey

  • Dog ridge

• Know the origin and/or breeders of only O39-16, 3309 Couderc, 1103 Paulsen, SO4.

(Don’t study the breeders or origin for the rest of the rootstocks

  • O39-16

    • USA - Olmo (UC Davis)

  • 3309 Couderc

    • France - Breeder Couderc

  • 1103 Paulsen

    • Italy - Paulsen

  •  SO4

    • Germany - Breeder Teleki