AP Eng Midterm

  • Analogy: comparison of two similar things because a third element they share; creating connection between two parallel concepts.

    • A leaf to a tree is what a petal is to a flower

  • Metaphor: comparison of unrelated things without ‘like’ or ‘as’

  • Allegory: story, poem, or picture with a hidden meaning; using story to explain concept (Bible)

  • Chiasmus: when concepts are repeated in reverse order 

    • “Poetry is the record of the best and happiest moments of the happiest and best minds”

    • “She has all my love; my heart belongs to her”

  • Antithesis: contrasts of 2 concepts in a sentence (not phrase)

    • Ex: United we stand, divided we fall

    • Contrasting ideas in 1 form

  • Alliteration: repetition of same letter/sound at the beginning of a word

  • Ambiguity: open to many interpretations, can be understood in many ways. vague, unclear, or confusing

  • Aphorism: a concise, witty statement containing a general truth

    • Knowledge is power; Actions speak louder than words; A penny saved is a penny earned.

  • Allusion: a reference to something without mentioning it specifically. (Bible)

  • Anecdote: a short interesting story about someone’s life

  • Asyndeton: no conjunctions in parts of a sentence

    • She was young, vibrant, fearless; He ate, he drank, he slept.

  • Antagonist: the main enemy/rival in a story; opposite character

  • Assonance: in poetry, repetition of the words with similar vowel sounds consecutively

    • Penitence, reticence

    • He claps his hands and stamps his feet.

  • Cliche: a phrase, opinion, or idea that is overused lacking originality; a stereotype

    • raining cats and dogs; hot as hell;…

  • Epithet: descriptive phrases about people adding depth

    • George Washington was father of our country

  • Conceit: a stretched metaphor where a strained comparison is made between two things

  • Connotation: an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning; implication, undertone, hidden meaning

    • Ex: blue is color, but can also be used to describe sadness, “She’s feeling blue.”

  • Epigraph: a quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme. 

  • Colloquialism:  everyday use of words and informal writing inappropriate in formal situations.

    • “He’s out of his head if he thinks I’m gonna go for such a stupid idea.”

  • Dialect: a way of speaking characteristic of a specific group.

  • Epanalepsis: repetition device in which the same expression is repeated both at the beginning and end of the sentence. 

    • “Common sense is not so common”

  • Epistrophe: repetition device in which the same expression is repeated at the end of two or more sentences.

  • Exposition: introduces characters, situation and setting.

  • Anaphora: a repetition of a word at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. Deliberate repetition helps with coherence. 

  • Polysyndeton: a sentence which uses conjunction with no commas to separate the items in a series.  

  • Anathema: something or someone that one vehemently dislikes.

  • Angst: a feeling of deep anxiety or dread, typically an unfocused one about the human condition or the state of the world in general.

  • Rend: tear (something) into two or more pieces.

  • Shallow: of little depth. 

  • Flashback: move to a scene in a movie, novel, etc. that is set in a time earlier than the main story.

  • Hyperbole: exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

  • Personification: a figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes. 

  • Bildungsroman Novel: a novel that follows a protagonist 'growing up' in some way—not just in age, but psychologically or morally.

  • Frame Tale: a story within a story. 

  • Foreshadowing: using hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in the plot.



INTERPRETER OF MALADIES: 


Setting: India in a cab on their way to visit the Sun Temple at Konarak. 

Main Characters : Mr. Kapasi, Mrs. Das, Mr. Das, 3 kids

Narrator : Mr. Kapasi

Protagonist : Mr Kapasi

Antagonist : ?


THE MASQUE OF THE RED DEATH


Setting: Prince Prosperos castellated abbey in the country

Main character : Prince Prospero

Narrator : Unknown but from a 3rd person POV 

Protagonist : Prince Prospero

Antagonist : Red Death 


JANE EYRE 


Setting : England 1840s, Gateshead, Lowood, Thornfield, Moor house, Ferndean 

Main characters : Jane eyre, Rochester, St. John’s

Narrator : Jane Eyre, and Brontë 2nd POV

Protagonist : Jane Eyre

Antagonist : Reed family, Brocklehurst from Lowood, Grace pool, Blanche


MACBETH:


Setting : Scotland and England during the 11th century

Main Characters : Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Banquo, Macduff

Narrator: none, or everyone 

Protagonist : Macbeth 

Antagonist : 3 witches, Macbeth 


 INVISIBLE MAN :


Setting : American South, Harlem, NYC during 1920s and 1930s

Main Characters : The narrator, Ras the Exhorter, Brother Jack, Tod Clifton

Narrator : Unnamed young black man who refers to himself as invisible man 

Protagonist : Invisible man 

Antagonist : Dr. Bledsoe, Brother Jack, Ras the Exhorter, Societyyyy


HEART OF DARKNESS :


Setting : Late 1800s, primarily in Africa and Europe

Main characters : Charlie Marlow, Kurtz, The manager

Narators : Unnamed narrator and Marlow

Protagonist: Marlow 

Antagonist : Kurtz


THE HUNGER ARTIST :


Setting : Unspecified European City, Circus, most likely in the late 19th century 

Main character : The hunger artists 

Narrator : unnamed 3rd POV 

Protagonist : Hunger artist 

Antagonist : Impresario


THE SNIPER : 


Setting : Dublin, Ireland during the Irish CIvil War early 1922

Main characters : The Republican sniper, the enemy sniper

Narrator : 3rd person limited POV and the Republican Sniper

Protagonist : The republican sniper

Antagonist : The enemy sniper