Study Notes on Working with ESL Writers

WORKING WITH ESL WRITERS

Anxiety of New Tutors

• New tutors often feel anxious about their interactions with ESL writers.

• Common worries include:

  • Adequacy of knowledge regarding grammatical terms and rules.

  • Fear of getting bogged down in line-by-line corrections instead of discussing larger concepts.

  • Concerns about being seen as an editor rather than a tutor.

• These concerns are understandable, particularly for those with little exposure to ESL writers.

Misconceptions about NNS Writers

• The chapter aims to dispel misguided ideas concerning nonnative English speakers (NNS).

• Definition of NNS: Nonnative English speakers who may have English as a third or fourth language and come from bilingual or trilingual backgrounds.

• The chapter provides practical advice for engaging with NNS writers and includes experiences from Marquette's tutor trainees.

COMMON MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS

MYTH #1: NNS Writers Have Weak Command of Standard Written English

• Generalization that NNS writers lack proficiency does not hold when examined closely.

• Many successful writers did not learn English as their first language.

• Skill levels among NNS writers vary significantly; some may struggle with specific grammatical aspects.

• Common challenges faced by NNS writers:

  • Concepts like articles and subject-verb-object sentence structures may differ significantly from their native languages.

• Despite difficulties, many NNS writers have meaningful insights and are capable of expressing complex ideas.

• Tutor experiences:

  • Sara, a Marquette trainee, notes working with NNS writers allows for cross-cultural exchange.

  • Angela observes the joy and enthusiasm when NNS students have breakthroughs in understanding.

MYTH #2: NNS Writers Think Differently From Native Speakers

• Influential research by Robert Kaplan noted varying rhetorical patterns among cultures (e.g., linear vs. circular argument styles).

• While writing styles often reflect cultural norms, it does not imply differences in thinking.

• Yanking NNS writers into rigid structures can hinder their flexibility and self-expression.

• Misunderstanding could lead to assumptions about their cognitive capabilities based on writing style.

• Importance of a dialogue on cultural differences—issues like gender roles, personal space, and plagiarism may differ culturally but are open for discussion.

MYTH #3: NNS Writers Come to the Writing Center to Get Their Grammar Checked

• The phrase "check my grammar" can encompass various requests beyond proofreading.

• Many NNS students may seek feedback on structure, organization, and understanding assignment prompts.

• Previous education may have emphasized grammar over broader writing instruction.

• New tutors should clarify assignment goals and patient exploration of what the student truly needs help with.

MYTH #4: NNS Writers Need More of the Basics Before They Can Move On

• This myth incorrectly assumes novice writers lack foundational skills in writing.

• NNS writers often practice grammar drills that are incompatible with meaningful writing experiences.

• True writing development involves working with complexity rather than simplifying to basic formats.

• Writers benefit from engaging in substantive tasks instead of adhering to rigid templates.

MYTH #5: I Need to Clean Up the Grammar in NNS Writers' Papers

• Tutors should not prioritize correcting grammar (lower-order concerns) over higher-order concerns such as meaning and organization.

• NNS writers often express concerns related to both grammar and higher-order issues during feedback sessions.

• Effective tutoring should focus on both higher-order concerns and dependent grammar lessons in a balanced manner.

MYTH #6: I Need to Be Well-Versed in English Grammar Terminology to Tutor NNS Writers

• While familiarity with grammar is helpful, tutors do not need to provide exhaustive knowledge on all grammar rules.

• NNS writers often have experience with grammatical structures and terminology due to previous schooling.

• Successful tutoring can involve collaborating with NNS writers using grammar handbooks and familiar terminology to aid understanding.

MYTH #7: Much of the English Language is Idiomatic and Cannot Be Taught

• Native speakers often base their understanding of idioms on cultural immersion, which NNS writers may lack.

• While idiomatic expressions may seem daunting, tutors can guide NNS writers through common usages and rules.

• Recognition of specific language rules, including the use of articles or prepositions, is part of the tutoring process.

MYTH #8: I’ll Need to Be More Directive with NNS Writers

• The directive vs. nondirective approach presents a dilemma in tutoring practice.

• Some advocate for a directive method to address sentence-level errors, while others caution against overstepping by acting as an editor.

• Balancing constructive feedback with encouragement of self-discovery is essential.

• Effective error correction involves guiding the NNS writer to spot, identify, and apply fixes rather than directly correcting their work.

STRATEGIES FOR WORKING WITH NNS WRITERS

• Begin discussions by confirming the assignment and exploring the writer's needs.

• Allow NNS writers to read texts aloud to practice pronunciation and assess overall structure.

• Use focused feedback during tutoring sessions that directs attention to specific concerns without overwhelming with many corrections at once.

• Foster a collaborative environment where NNS writers explore and understand their reasoning for language use and errors.

• Encourage continuous practice, relationship building with a consistent tutor, and immersion in the culture (e.g., making American friends).

• Key Reminders to Tutors:

  • Explain the expectations of higher-order concerns before addressing grammar.

  • Exercise patience and understanding throughout the process.

  • Validate instances of correct usage and point out effective structures in their writing.

  • Address ideomatic challenges or cultural misunderstandings directly and respectfully.

  • Acknowledge that NNS writers may need multiple sessions to address all their concerns systematically.

  • Explore strategies with fellow tutors or resources to improve your tutoring effectiveness with NNS writers.