Medications Impacting Eye Health

• Cold Medications: Contain epinephrine, can cause pupil dilation. Be aware of medications affecting eye health.

• Corticosteroids and Thyroid Medications: Linked to cataracts and glaucoma.

• Hypoglycemia Medications: Can contribute to eye conditions as well.

Eye Surgeries and History

• Ocular Surgeries: Important to discuss any history of eye-related surgeries or surgeries near the eye, such as laser surgeries.

• Vision Loss Assessment: Consider temporary versus permanent loss of vision.

• Family History: Genetic factors influencing conditions like glaucoma should be noted.

Physical Assessment of Eyes

• Tools for Assessment: Utilize pen lights to evaluate size and function of pupils in both eyes, ensuring checks for accommodation.

• Accommodation Testing: Patients may perform color sorting exercises to test their ability to accommodate.

• Keratometry: Measures corneal curvature.

Visual Acuity Testing

• Snellen Chart: Determines visual acuity; normal vision is 20/20.

  • First Number: Test distance (usually 20 feet).

  • Second Number: The distance at which a person with normal vision can read the same line.

• PERRLA Assessment: Evaluate pupils for equality, roundness, and reactivity to light.

• Diplopia: Abnormal double vision related to extraocular muscle action and cranial nerve function.

Symptoms and Common Ocular Issues

• Dryness/Discomfort: Can manifest as sandy, gritty feelings; requires careful assessment.

• Floaters/Spots: Often benign and age-related, resulting from vitreous liquefaction.

• Eyelid Assessment: Check for swelling, crusting, infections (e.g., conjunctivitis, blepharitis), and conditions like ectropion and ptosis.

Vision Loss Classification

• Visual Impairments: Classified by acuity, i.e.,

  • 20/70 to 20/160: Moderate impairment;

  • 20/200 or worse: Severe impairment.

• Impact of Vision Loss: Recognize how varying degrees affect daily living and psychological well-being.

Orientation and Assistance