Untitled Flashcards Set

DEVELOPMENT – an understanding of how children think about the world.

Stage 1            SENSORY-MOTOR

                        Birth to 2 years

                        Coordination of sensory input and motor responses; development of object

permanence; self-recognition

Stage 2            PREOPERATIONAL

                        2 to 7 years

                        Development of symbolic thought, formation of language, fantasy play,

conservation flaws, and egocentrism

Stage 3            CONCRETE-OPERATIONAL

                        7 to 11 years

                        Mental operations applied to concrete events, mastery of conservation,

complex classification schemes

Stage 4            FORMAL OPERATIONAL

                        11 years to adulthood

                        Mental operations applied to abstract ideas; logical, systematic thinking

PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL (childhood)

            Stage 1            Punishment orientation

                                    Right and wrong is determined by what is punished

            Stage 2            Naïve reward

                                    Right and wrong is determined by what is rewarded

CONVENTIONAL LEVEL (adolescence)

            Stage 3            Good boy / good girl orientation

                                    Right and wrong is determined by other’s approval and disapproval

            Stage 4            Authority orientation

Right and wrong is determined by society’s rules and laws, which should be obeyed rigidly                   

POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL (adulthood)

            Stage 5            Social contract orientations

Right and wrong is determined by society’s rules which are viewed as fallible rather than absolute

            Stage 6            Individual principles and conscience orientation

Right and wrong is determined by abstract ethical principles that emphasize equity and justice