Known for his work on elasticity, famously stating "elasticity is proportional to the strain within the limits of material."
He also contributed to the development of the microscope and was one of the first to observe and describe cells.
Sir Isaac Newton
Formulated the three laws of motion which are foundational principles in classical mechanics.
First Law of Motion: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by a net external force.
Second Law of Motion: The acceleration of an object is dependent upon the net force acting upon it and the object's mass, expressed mathematically as F=ma.
Third Law of Motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
He also made profound contributions to calculus and the law of universal gravitation.
Noted for his personal health issues, including a condition referred to as gout.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Proposed the heliocentric theory, asserting that the Earth revolves around the Sun, fundamentally changing the understanding of our solar system.
Galileo Galilei
An Italian astronomer and physicist, influenced by and a student of Copernicus's heliocentrism.
Conducted important astronomical observations including the phases of Venus and the moons of Jupiter using a telescope, supporting the Copernican model.
Ada Lovelace
Recognized as one of the first computer scientists, she worked on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.
She is often credited with writing the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine, making her a pioneer in computer programming.
Pythagoras
Ancient Greek mathematician known for the Pythagorean theorem, which states that in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (c) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides (a and b), formulated as: a2+b2=c2.
Gregor Mendel
The father of genetics, he conducted pea plant experiments that led to the formulation of the laws of inheritance.
His work established the principles of heredity, including the concepts of dominant and recessive traits.
Thomas Edison
An inventor and businessman who developed many devices, including the phonograph and the electric light bulb.
Credited with major advancements in electrical power generation and distribution.
Carl Linnaeus
Developed a system of binomial nomenclature, which is the formal system of naming species of living things.
This system gives each species a two-part name: the genus name and the species name.
Louis Pasteur
Renowned for his discoveries in microbiology, he formulated the germ theory of disease and showed that microorganisms are responsible for fermentation and spoilage.
Developed the process of pasteurization, which involves heating liquids to kill harmful germs and bacteria to improve food safety.