Quiz 3 Spelling Terms

Organic compounds are made of carbon, hydrogen, and sometimes other elements.

2. Macromolecules are huge molecules.

3. Hydrocarbons are made of only hydrogen and carbon.

4. A monomer is a single unit or molecule.

5. A polymer is made of many units.

6. Monomers connect to each other in a dehydration reaction and water is lost.

7. Polymers are broken down with water in a hydrolysis reaction.

8. Carbohydrates are sugars.

9. Monosaccharides are made of only one sugar.

10. Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides.

11. The sugars are joined to each other by a glycosidic linkage.

12. Polysaccharides are made of hundreds or even thousands of monosaccharides joined together.

13. Starch is a polymer of glucose found in plants.

14. Glycogen is a polymer of glucose found in the liver and muscle cells of animals.

15. Cellulose is a polysaccharide that forms the tough cell walls of plants.

16. All lipids are hydrophobic and don't mix with water well.

17. A saturated fatty acid has no double bonds and is more solid like in behavior.

18. An unsaturated fatty acid has double bonds and is more liquid like in behavior.

19. Phospholipids are made of phosphate, glycerol, and two fatty acids.

20. Steroids are a class of lipids that contain four fused rings.

21. Cholesterol is a lipid found in cell membranes, but too much from the diet can cause heart disease.

22. Enzymatic proteins are called catalysts and speed up biochemical reactions.

23. A polypeptide is a long polymer of amino acids.

24. A protein is made of one or more folded up polypeptides.

25. Amino acids are bonded together through a covalent bond called a peptide bond.

26. Coils and folds are called secondary structures.

27. An α-helix is a coiled portion of amino acids.

28. A β-sheet (or β-pleated sheet) is a side-by-side arrangement of amino acids.

29. The overall shape of a polypeptide is called the tertiary structure.

30. When the environment of a protein is changed, it can unravel and lose shape in a process called denaturation.

31. A disulfide bond is a covalent bond between sulfur atoms of a amino acid side chain.

32. An ionic bridge is an ionic bond between charged amino acid side chains.

33. Hydrophobic interactions are a "like-dissolves-like" type interaction between hydrophobic side chains.

Sickle-cell disease is a disease caused by emergent properties of the wrong amino acid leading to the wrong protein fold leading to a incorrect tertiary structures leading to a dysfunctional red blood cell.

Chaperonins are like chaperons that assist in proteins to correctly fold up the way they should.

36. A programming unit found in DNA is called a gene and will ultimately encode for a particular protein.

37. DNA is known as deoxyribonucleic acid and is found in the nucleus of cells.

38. RNA is known as ribonucleic acid and is found in all parts of cells.

39. RNA and DNA are made of monomers called nucleotides, which are made of a base, sugar, and phosphate group.

40. Pyrimidines are bases that have only one ring.

41. Purines are bases that have two fused rings.