Developmental Milestones

Developmental Milestones:
Gross Motor Milestones

0-6 Months: Head control, rolling, and beginning to push up on arms.
6-12 Months: Sitting independently, crawling, and starting to pull to stand.
12-18 Months: Walking independently, squatting to pick up toys, and climbing stairs with support.
18-24 Months: Running, kicking a ball, and beginning to jump.
2-3 Years: Climbing stairs independently, running with coordination, and jumping with both feet.
3-5 Years: Hopping on one foot, catching a ball, and beginning to skip.

0-6 Months: Reaching, grasping objects, and transferring items between hands.
6-12 Months: Pincer grasp (thumb and index finger), pointing, and beginning to release objects intentionally.
12-18 Months: Scribbling, stacking blocks, and using a spoon with assistance.
18-24 Months: Building towers, turning pages, and beginning to use a fork.
2-3 Years: Copying a circle, cutting with scissors, and stringing beads.
3-5 Years: Drawing shapes, dressing independently, and using utensils.

0-6 Months: Tracking objects with eyes, recognizing familiar people, and responding to voices.
6-12 Months: Imitating sounds, exploring objects, and beginning object permanence.
12-18 Months: Following one-step commands, pointing to objects, and simple pretend play.
18-24 Months: Matching colors and shapes, increased pretend play, and recognizing familiar routines.
2-3 Years: Engaging in imaginative play, beginning to solve puzzles, and following two-step commands.
3-5 Years: Understanding time concepts, sorting objects by size, and counting.

0-6 Months: Smiling, recognizing primary caregivers, and beginning to develop trust.
6-12 Months: Stranger anxiety, preference for caregivers, and engaging in social games like peek-a-boo.
12-18 Months: Showing affection, beginning to play next to others, and recognizing self in mirror.
18-24 Months: Parallel play, seeking attention from caregivers, and beginning to show empathy.
2-3 Years: Beginning to share, identifying with others, and managing basic emotions.
3-5 Years: Cooperative play, developing friendships, and beginning to understand others' perspectives.

Reflexive Grasp (0-2 Months): An automatic response where an infant’s fingers close around an object placed in their palm. This reflex begins to fade by around 2 months.
Ulnar Palmar Grasp (2-4 Months): Infant starts to hold objects on the ulnar (pinky) side of the hand, with little thumb involvement.
Palmar Grasp (4-5 Months): The entire hand wraps around an object without thumb participation, using more of the fingers to grasp.

Radial Palmar Grasp (6-7 Months): Object is secured in the palm on the thumb side, with the thumb now participating to stabilize.
Raking Grasp (7-8 Months): Child begins to use the fingers in a raking motion to pick up small objects (e.g., crumbs or small toys).
Radial Digital Grasp (8-10 Months): Object is held between the thumb and fingertips, creating the foundation for more precise pinches.
Inferior Pincer Grasp (9-10 Months): The thumb and the side of the index finger are used to pick up small objects, such as small pieces of food.

Neat Pincer Grasp (10-12 Months): Refined use of the thumb and the tip of the index finger to pick up tiny objects precisely.
Three-Jaw Chuck Grasp (10-12 Months): Child uses the thumb, index, and middle fingers to grasp larger objects, like blocks.
Superior Pincer Grasp (12 Months): Child can use the tips of the thumb and index finger for fine, precise movements, such as picking up a small bead.

Palmar Supinate Grasp (12-18 Months): Early grasp pattern for holding crayons or markers, where the crayon is held in the palm and the arm moves as a whole.
Digital Pronate Grasp (18-24 Months): Child begins to hold writing tools with fingers extended and pointed downward; more controlled movement of the forearm.

Static Tripod Grasp (2-3 Years): Three-finger grasp with the thumb, index, and middle fingers; the wrist remains stable, and movement comes from the shoulder.
Quadrupod Grasp (3 Years): Similar to the tripod but involves four fingers (thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers) for added stability in holding writing tools.

Dynamic Tripod Grasp (4-5 Years): Mature grasp pattern where the child holds the pencil or crayon between the thumb, index, and middle fingers, using finger movements rather than the wrist for precision.
6-12 Months: Babbling, responding to name, and using simple gestures like waving.
12-18 Months: Saying first words, following simple commands, and pointing to body parts.
18-24 Months: Combining two words, identifying familiar people, and answering simple questions.
2-3 Years: Speaking in short sentences, following two-step directions, and understanding “what” and “where” questions.
3-5 Years: Using complex sentences, telling short stories, and asking “why” questions.