Exam Notes

Grammar

• Verb: Action word.
• Adjective: Describing word (e.g., blue shirt).
• Adverb: Modifies the adjective (e.g., quickly).
• Pronoun: Replaces a noun (e.g., she, he, they, them).
• Conjunction: Connects words or phrases (e.g., and, but, or).

Sentence Errors

• R-O: Run-on sentence.
• Frag.: Fragment.
• S/V: Subject/verb agreement error.
• H: Incorrect homonym.
• C: Correct.

Writing Process (5 Steps)

1. Brainstorm: Think of ideas and plan.
2. Draft: Write ideas in sentences and paragraphs.
3. Revise: Outline, make writing a plan.
4. Edit: Fix mistakes in spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
5. Publish: Share final writing.

Literary Terms

• Protagonist: The main figure.
• Antagonist: Character or force that opposes.
• Foreshadowing: Indication of a future event.
• Suspense: A state of feeling excited or anxious about what may happen.
• Mood: Temporary state of mind or feeling.
• Flashback: A story set in a time earlier than the main story.
• Irony: Word for word when someone hides meaning.
• Setting: The place or surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place.
• Hyperbole: An exaggerated statement.
• Rhyme: Words that have or end with a corresponding sound.
• Oxymoron: Contradictory terms appear in conjunction.

Types of Poetry

• Concrete Poem: Relies on its shape for meaning.
• Haiku: $5, 7, 5$ syllables.
• Tanka: $5, 7, 5, 7, 7$ syllables.
• Diamante: Expresses two contrasting subjects.
• Free Verse: No specific formula.
• Limerick: Humorous poem with a specific rhyme scheme and 5 lines.
• Cinquain: Poem.