Animal Science 1 FC

estrogen- hormone found in the reproductive system

free martin- imperfect sterile female calf who is twins with a Male calf whose hormones affected development

Testosterone- Hormone found in the reproductive system

Genetics- the scientific study of genes and heredity

genes- the basic physical and functional unit of hereditary

Dominant- a particular variant of a gene that expresses itself more predominantly

Homozygous- having Z identical alleles of a particular gene/genes

Mutation – the changing of the structure of a gene

Clone- an organism produce asexually

Ovaries – small oval shaped glands on either side of the uterus

Digestive system – the system that breaks down food for nutrients to be absorbed into the body

Ruminant – hoofed herbivores; grazing mammals

Monogastric ash an animal with a single compartment stomach

Protein -essential nutrients

Carbohydrates-macro nutrient found in sugars

Water-needed for hydration

Concentrate-abundance of how much of given substance there is mixed with another substance

Roughage-feed stuff with a higher fiber count

Balanced ration – the amount of the feed that will supply the proper amount and proportions

Butter fat- dairy cow record: 365 7–05 2X 20084 space 4–6929. Milk production

Rate of gain-rate of a weight gain per day over a specific period of time

Udder – organ formed of 2 to 4 memory glands on animals

Pedegree – shows relationships of an animals genetics

Back fat (pigs)– thickness of the layer of the fat between the skin and muscle

Post legged – condition in which the joints are not set correctly

General appearance – physical characteristics; body covering, body shape, other features

Macrominerals- minerals required in a diet

Calving interval- end the length of time between successful births

Dehorning- the process of removing horns from livestock

Cull-to kill weaker animals to reduce numbers

Beefmaster – a breed of cattle that is a cross between a Hefford short horn and Holstein

Holstein - breed of dairy cow; most common

Hampshire - pigs that are black with a white belt

Black Angus - small breed of beef cattle

Quarter horse-American breed of horse that is good at sprinting short distances

Suffolk - large sized upstanding long bodied sheep

Columbia - white fleeces and good growth characteristics; sheep that originated in the US

Jersey cow - small breed of dairy cow

Thoroughbred -a pure breed of horse usually used as race horses

Parasites – mites and ticks are examples of external parasites

Diseases - the purpose of vaccinations is to prevent diseases

Mastitis- inflammation of the mammary gland

Rickets- a lack of vitamin D will cause this disease

Iron-anemia is caused by too little of this nutrient

Displaced abomasum -low fiber in a dairy cow diet may lead to this stomach issue

Bloat -this can happen to a rumanantif they eat too much grain

Fungus -ringworm is not a parasite but is actually caused by a fungus

Passive - there are two types of immunity active and ________

Management - most disease can be prevented by good________