Brain and Nervous System Study

NERVOUS SYSTEMS

• Central Nervous system

  • Brain and spinal cord

  • processes sensory information

• Peripheral Nervous system

  • Carries the signals necessary for the body to survive

  • Throughout entire body

• Somatic Nervous System

  • Division of peripheral NS

  • Processes incoming sensory info

  • Controls voluntary movements

• Autonomic NS

  • Supplies nerves to smooth muscle and glands

    • Circulatory, digestive, respiratory, reproductive organs

  • Sympathetic NS

    • Fight or flight

    • Prepares body for action, mobilizes energy resources

    • Ivana Popov + Stacy Fakename

• Parasympathetic NS

  • Relaxes your body after stress

  • Helps processes like digestion when you feel safe and relaxed

NERVE STRUCTURE

• Neurons- individual cells in the nervous system that receive, integrate, and transmit information

• Soma- Cell body of a neuron that contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells

• Dendrite- Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive info

• Axon- Long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons or muscles or glands

• Myelin Sheath- Insulating material that encases some axons

• Terminal button- Small knobs at the end of axons that secrete chemicals called neurotransmitters

• Synapse- Junction where info is transmitted from one neuron to another

BRAIN- LOBES

• Frontal lobe

  • FRONT FRONT FRONT

  • Motor output, planning, language, judgement, decision making

• Parietal lobe

  • PARENT- Understands emotions

  • Bodily sensations, integrating senses

• Occipital lobe

  • CC- EYEBALLS- SEEEEEE

  • Involved in vision, back of the cerebrum

• Temporal

  • TEMPURA YUM YUM CRUNCH CRUNCH- SOUND

  • Auditory processing

  • Integrating vision and audition, memory

• Limbic System

  • Bic- Bitch- don’t call people bitches!- regulates your emotion

BRAIN PARTS

• Cerebral Cortex

  • Tex- Texas- Texas hat- part right under the hat, top of the brain

    • E=MC²- COMPLEX THINKING

      • Complex cortex

• Corpus Callosum

  • CorPLUS calloSUM- connector- adds two hemispheres

  • Callosum- Call someone- communication path between two halves

• Thalamus

  • Hal and Amos- traffic cops that tell info where to go in the brain

  • Mr. Thalamus- pawn shop- gets all the stuff from different parts and ‘sells’ it to parts of the brain- sensory bc they were asking about neural oggical which is liek did you SEE him what did you HEAR

• Hypothalamus

  • Hypo (syringe) the llamas- hypo the llamas to cool them down, give them water- cools you down, regulates body temperature and thirst

• Hippocampus

  • Hippo compass- Hippo takes out compass to REMEMBER where he’s going

    • compass is used when you’re lost and can’t REMEMBER

  • Nostalgia’s diner- campus—> diner food

• Amygdala

  • A mig (scary military plane) flying towards you- AHH SCARY- regulates fear

  • Mig- wig- scary wig- AHHH- regulates fear

  • Dala- dollar- wig with dollahs- AHH SCARYY AWigDolla

• Almond- Brennan- Brennan is scary because he keeps trying to kill dogs

• Pons

  • Ponds- - peaceful pretty pond- regulates relaxation

• Cerebellum

  • Bell- athlete has a lot of bells hanging on them- needs to balance the bells- balance and motor control

• Reticular Formation

  • Tickle- Tickle Freud- reticular formation would wake him up- more aware

• Medulla

  • Medal- hang right over heart and lungs- regulates heart and lungs

  • Max medulla- he slays and we need slaying in this brain

• Wernicke’s area

  • Language comprehension- temporal

• Broca’s area

  • Speaking speaking- frontal

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SCANS + SURGERIES + STUFF LIKE THAT

• Split-brain surgery

  • Cut corpus callosum

  • Treated for epilepsy

• Lesioning

  • Destroying parts of your brain when they are damaged

  • Leeches- ew yucky pah pah kill

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NEUROTRANSMITTERS

• Acetylcholine

  • Memory and cognition

  • Attention, arousal, neuroplasticity, REM sleep

  • Disorders

    • Alzheimer

    • Lambert-Eaton