The Great War - Chapter 8
Wilson’s Neutrality - 8.1.2
neutrality: THe refusal to take sides or become involved in a conflict
Moral diplomacy: The concept that the united stated should drastically reduce its intervention in the affairs of other countries.
espionage: Spying
Armenian Genocide: The systematic extermination of the Armenian population by the Ottoman Empire during World War I, resulting in the deaths of approximately 1.5 million Armenians.
Why did some Americans favor the Central Powers while others favored the allies? Heritage and ancestry such as German Americans sided with Central powers and the Irish is Anti-English.
What are the differences in the principles behind the moral diplomacy and dollar diplomacy?
Moral: Reduces its intervention in affairs with other countries, which should be the democracy example.
Dollar: Justifies U.S. interference with the governments to make profits.
Why might a military defeat for the Allies cause a loss to American investors?
As france had a large loan to America and if the allies didn’t win, they could loose that money, affecting the economy of the US.
Key Notes of section:
US supplied the Allies with weapons at the beginning of the war
Germany initiated an extensive propaganda campaign to sway American public opinion.
The US had more economic ties with the Allies
America Enters the War - 8.2.2
dissent: The disagreement with the government’s official opinion.
Conscientious objectors: A person who refused to fight in a war for religious reasons.
Sedition: The criminal act of trying to persuade individuals to undermine the government.
Civil liberties: individual rights protected by law from government interference.
American Expeditionary Forces (AEF): The corps of soldiers sent to fight in Europe; 3.7 million American men.
John J. Pershing: An experienced military leader who commanded troops in Cuba, Mexico, and the American West.
Liberty Bonds: A way to loan money to the US. Which helped pay off war loans by other nations.
What steps did the U.S. government take to prepare for war?
Began the war industries board which made factories more efficient to war production.
How did entering the war affect the organization of the economy of the United States?
It decreased the factory production of typical items in america instead producing war-ready items.
How did the governments actions both unite and divide America?
They were united of Disliking Germany and hating them, and even took it out on German Americans causing conflicts.
The Home Front - 8.3.3
influenza: An acute and highly contagious illness commonly called “the flu”
Pandemic: Sudden outbreak of a disease that spreads over a wide geographic area.
great Migration: African Americans had begun leaving the south for cities in the North around 1910.
Prohibition: Making the sell of liquor illegal.
18th Amendment/Volstead Act: Prohibited the sale of alcohol in the U.S.: Volstead Act was used to enforce prohibition.
19th Amendment: Granting women sufferage.
What changes were reform movements able to bring about during and immediately after the war?
Banning the making and selling of alcohol - Allowing women the right to vote.
In what ways can a war help bring about social changes on the home front?
It allows for people whom have been supressed to take action and prove themselves against stereotypes.
In Catt’s appeal to congress, which details suggest her drstraion with having to beg for women’s suffrage?
She asks questions making people reconsider why they are against women voting, as there wasn’t a valid reason.
Road to Victory - 8.4.1
armistice: An agreement between opposing sides in a conflict to stop fighting.
Communism: A form of government in which all the means of production and transportation are owned by the state
Fourteen points: A program of peace to push for self determination. Britain and France wouldn’t agree.
Meuse-Argonne offensive: Americans divisions cit off the railroads that were bringing supplies to the German Army.
Battle of Argonne Forest: General Pershing led AEF troops into the battle.
What effect did the arrival of American troops have on the outcome of the war?
They fought against germany for the tired Allied soldiers and WIlson was able to make the war come to an end.
Why did Germany prefer to negotiate the terms of peace with Wilson rather that with France and Britain?
Because France and Britain wanted to tuin and punish Germany while America wanted the war to stop.
How did WIlson’s Fourteen Points serve as a justification for America’s entry into the war?
He’s saying that with a war over the ocean, it cannot guarantee peace for Americans.
Victory and Wilson’s Peace - 8.4.2
Sovereignty: freedom from external control
Treaty of Versailles: Officially brought the war to a close resulting in victories and defeats for the American nation.
League of Nations: A general Assembly of countries that would stabilize relations among countries and help preserve peace.
Warren G. Harding: Senator who promised frustrated voters a return of normalcy.