Anatomy, Physiology, and Organic Molecules

Anatomy and Physiology

  • Anatomy: Study of the body's structure.
  • Physiology: Study of how the body functions.

Levels of Organization

  1. Chemical Level

    • Includes atoms and molecules (water, protein, DNA).
    • Basic building blocks of all matter.

  2. Organelle/Structure Level

  3. Cellular Level

    • Includes cells (muscle cells, nerve cells).
    • Carry out specific tasks such as energy production.

  4. Tissue Level

    • Includes groups of similar cells working together (epithelial, muscle, connective).
    • Perform specific functions (muscle tissue contracts, nerve tissue sends signals).

  5. Organ Level

    • Includes organs made of multiple tissues (heart, lungs, stomach).
    • Carry out complex functions like pumping blood, digestion, breathing.

  6. System Level

    • Systems made of different organs working together (digestive, circulatory, nervous systems).
    • Maintain homeostasis and support the survival of the organism.

  7. Organism Level

    • Includes the complete human body.
    • All systems function together to support life and reproduction.

Organic Molecules

  • All organic molecules contain carbon.

  • 3 main types of macromolecules:

    • Carbohydrates
    • Lipids
    • Proteins

  • Lipids are nonpolar.

  • Water is polar.

Questions and Answers

  1. Question: Which element do all organic compounds have in them?

    • Answer: Carbon

  2. Question: What are the three main types of organic molecules?

    • Answer: Carbohydrates, lipids, protein

  3. Question: True or false: Do lipids dissolve in water?

    • Answer: False

  4. Question: All organic compounds contain carbon, as well as hydrogen and oxygen. Which additional element do all proteins have?

    • Answer: Nitrogen

  5. Question: What is a monomer of a protein called?

    • Answer: Amino acid

  6. Question: What is a protein?

    • Answer: A protein is created when amino acid monomers join together.

  7. Question: What determines a protein's properties?

    • Answer:
      • The length of the protein polymer chain
      • The types of amino acids in the chain
      • The order of these amino acids
      • The shape the chain is folded into