CDS 310: The Speech & Hearing Mechanism – Study Notes

CDS 310: The Speech & Hearing Mechanism – Study Notes

  • Instructor: Dr. Bridget Russell
  • Time: 12:30−1:50 PM12:30-1:50\text{ PM}
  • Source: Transcript pages provided (Course overview and content for the semester)

Course Overview

  • Course code: CDS 310
  • Focus: The Speech & Hearing Mechanism
  • Page 1 content establishes the course title, instructor, and time frame

Expectations: Course Goals and Student Outlook

  • Page 2: Expectations
    • Questions raised: Science? Speech Pathology? Anatomy & Physiology? (prompting integration of scientific basis with applied field)
  • Page 3: Student's Perspective
    • Elements of student expectations include:
    • Information
    • Interests
    • Learning
    • Fears
    • Background
    • Future goals
  • Page 4: My Expectations
    • Key areas:
    • Process
    • Function
    • Basic Skills
    • Therapy
    • Structure
    • Resources
    • Diagnosis

Syllabus and Textbook Information

  • Page 5: Syllabus
    • Components:
    • Everything you need to know and more
    • Guide for the semester
    • Read carefully
    • Course requirements
    • Office hours
    • Exam schedule
  • Page 6: Text Information (Required Text)
    • Title: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FOR SPEECH & LANGUAGE & HEARING (W/CD)
    • Author: SEIKEL
    • ISBN: 978−1−428312−23−4978-1-428312-23-4
    • Publisher: DELMAR; Edition: 4

Course Content Coverage

  • Page 7: What will be covered?
    • Respiratory System
    • Laryngeal System
    • Supraglottal System
    • Hearing System

Assessments and Evaluation

  • Page 8: Assessment
    • 88 Quizzes
    • Anatomy & Physiology of each main topic
    • Question formats: Multiple Guess & T/F
    • Final on exam week
    • In-class assignments
  • Page 9: In-Class Assignments
    • In-class exercises in each unit (must be in class to complete)
    • Topics: Respiration, Laryngeal, Supralaryngeal, Hearing

Services, Help, and Support

  • Page 10: Services & Help
    • Lectures – Internet resources
    • Learning Center
    • Labs
    • Medical dictionary
    • Other resources (articles, texts)
    • Office hours & course policies
    • GA (Graduate Assistant) – Questions & tutoring

The Speech Process and the Circle of Systems

  • Page 11: The Speech Process (Components)
    • Nervous System
    • Auditory System
    • Respiratory System
    • Articulatory System
    • Phonatory System
  • Page 12: The Circle – Part 1
    • Nervous System – Encodes ideas
    • Control of speech muscles
    • Respiratory System – Generation of air pressure
    • Drives the sound generator
    • Phonatory System (Laryngeal) – Muscles of the larynx
    • Vibratory energy
  • Page 13: The Circle – Part 2
    • Articulatory System (Supralaryngeal) – Muscles of the vocal tract
    • Expends vibratory energy
    • Auditory System – Ear, Muscles, Bones
    • Transforms the acoustic waves of speech

General Terms in Anatomy & Physiology

  • Page 14: General Terms
    • Anatomy: The study of the structure of an organism
    • Physiology: The study of the function of the living organism and its parts as well as chemical processes involved
    • Related fields: Cytology, Histology, Osteology, Myology, arthrology, neurology

Building Blocks of Anatomy: Tissue

  • Page 15: Tissue – Cells & Tissues
    • Estimated number of cells: 101410^{14} cells (100 trillion)
    • Function of cells/tissues: ingestion of nutrients; breakdown & utilization of nutrients; metabolic processes; discharge of wastes
    • Four Basic Types of Tissue: epithelium, connective tissue, nerve, muscle
  • Page 16: Tissue – Epithelium
    • Epithelium: Sheets of cells covering external surfaces of the body and lining cavities
    • Cells: little intracellular substance, adhere, avascular
    • Function: Protection & Absorption
    • Types/Variants: glandular, myoepithelium, neuroepithelium
  • Page 17: Epithelium (cont.)
    • Classified by cell layers: simple epithelium; stratified
    • Classified by shape: squamous; cuboidal; columnar
  • Page 18: Tissue – Connective Tissue
    • Types: Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone
    • Connective tissue proper: few living cells; nonliving intracellular material
    • 3 main fiber types: collagen, elastic, reticular
    • Subtypes: Loose connective tissue; Dense connective tissue (irregular, regular: tendons, ligaments)
  • Page 19: Connective Fibers and Tissue Types
    • A. Collagen Fibers
    • A. Reticular Fibers
    • A. Elastic Fibers
    • B. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
    • C. Dense Regular Connective Tissue
    • A. Loose (3) Connective Tissue
  • Page 20: Connective Tissue Proper (continued) & Cartilage
    • Tendon: regular connective tissue; attaches muscle to bone
    • Ligament: regular connective tissue; connects bones and cartilage
    • Cartilage: rigid, flexible, slight elasticity; resistant to pressure; matrix-based
    • Cartilage types: Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous
  • Page 21: Cartilage Types – Visual cues
    • Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous (labels/presentation cues)
  • Page 22: 3 Types of Cartilage
    • Hyaline: fine network of collagen fibers; most common; most rigid; found in nose, larynx, rib cage (between ribs & sternum)
    • Elastic: dense network of elastic and some collagen fibers; less rigid; forms to external ear
    • Fibrous: cells in rows; collagen fibers in bundles; found in disks between the vertebrae

Key Concepts and Connections

  • The Speech Process is a systems-level perspective combining:
    • Nervous system: encodes ideas and controls muscle movement for speech
    • Respiratory system: generates air pressure to drive sound production
    • Phonatory (laryngeal) system: vibratory energy via laryngeal muscles
    • Articulatory (supralaryngeal) system: shapes vocal tract to produce distinct sounds
    • Auditory system: processes sensory input and transforms acoustic waves into perceivable signals
  • The Circle emphasizes integration among systems to produce, modify, and perceive speech
  • Foundational anatomy and physiology underpin clinical aspects in speech-language pathology, including assessment and therapy planning

Practical and Ethical Implications (implicit in course structure)

  • Emphasis on a thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology to inform evidence-based therapy
  • Structured assessments (quizzes, finals, in-class assignments) to ensure comprehensive mastery
  • Use of multiple resources (Lectures, Internet, Learning Center, labs, medical dictionary) to support diverse learning styles

Notable Numerical References and Definitions (LaTeX)

  • Number of cells in the human body (approximate): 101410^{14} cells
  • Four Basic Types of Tissue: epithelium, connective tissue, nerve, muscle
  • Cartilage types: Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous