Chemistry

Acids are chemicals that release H+ ions, and bases are chemicals that release OH- ions.

Litmus acid: Red

Litmus Neutral: purple

Litmus alkaline: blue

Methyl orange acid: red

Methyl orange neutral: yellow

Methyl orange alkaline: yellow

Phenolphthalein acid: colourless

Phenolphthalein neutral: colourless

Phenolphthalein alkaline: pink

NEUTRALISATION REACTION: when acids and alkalis react with each other

acid + metal hydroxide = salt + water

acid + metal oxides = salt + water

acid + metal = salt + hydrogen gas

acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide

hydrochloric acid salt name = chloride

sulfuric acid salt name = sulphate

nitric acid salt name = nitrate

filtration: separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

evaporation: obtaining the solute from a solution

crystallisation: separating a dissolved solid from a solution as crystals

distillation: separating a pure liquid from a mixture

chromatography: separating mixtures of coloured compounds