Diseases

Cellular Biomolecules Practice Questions

Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)

• Affects synthesis of biomolecules, primarily involving:

  • A. Carbohydrate

  • C. Lipid

  • D. Ribonucleic acid

  • E. Deoxyribonucleic acid

Sickle Cell Disease Electrophoresis

• Observations:

  • A is substituted with T.

  • B. Glutamic acid replaced with valine

  • C. HbS polymerizes under deoxygenated conditions

  • E. HbS is more negatively charged

Nephrotic Syndrome Diagnosis

• Patient details: 40 y/o male with ankle edema and proteinuria.

• Low albumin/globulin ratio suggests:

  • A. Hepatitis B

  • B. Liver cirrhosis

  • C. Malnutrition

  • D. Multiple myeloma

Captopril and Enzyme Inhibition

• Captopril is a competitive inhibitor of ACE:

  • A. Change conformation of the enzyme’s active site

  • B. Lower stability of the enzyme

  • D. Captopril binds irreversibly to enzyme

  • E. Vmax is decreased

Myocardial Infarction Enzyme Elevation

• Troponin levels elevated:

  • Corresponding enzyme likely elevated:

    • A. AST

    • B. CAP SE

    • C. CAA SE

    • D. LDH

DNA Structure and Functions

DNA Repair Mechanisms Related to Skin Cancer

• 40 y/o woman with skin cancer; repair mechanism:

  • A. Excision of base

  • B. Homologous recombination

  • C. Base deletion

  • D. Removal of base

  • E. Removal of nucleotide

DNA Transcription and Structure

• Separation of DNA strands during replication:

  • A. DNA is backbone by phosphodiester bond

  • B. DNA is complementary base pairing

  • C. DNA is supercoiling

  • D. DNA is antiparallel

Nucleotide and Base Pairing

• Sequence example: 5’-TTAGCGATGC-3’

  • Newly synthesized DNA sequence for leading strand:

    • A. 5’-TTUGGAUGC-3’

    • B. 5’-GCATCGCTAA-3’

    • C. 5’-AATCGCTACG-3’

    • D. 5’-UUAGCGAUGC-3’

Extended Matching Items (EMI)

Selected Enzymes and Conditions

• Pompe Disease: 7-month baby with muscle weakness diagnosed.

• Tay Sach Disease: Associated enzyme?

• I Cell Disease: Linked enzyme relevant to muscular issues.

• Von Gierke Disease: Lack of free glucose.

Elements in Biological Processes

Element Functions

• Element binding at receptor sites:

  • Q5. Binds to receptors in membrane activating sequences.

  • Q6. Inhibits RNA polymerase binding.

  • Q7. Remodeling of chromatin for DNA accessibility.

Mechanism of DNA and Proteins

DNA Remodeling Factors

• Activator/Histone acetylation: Regulate gene expression.

• RNA polymerase's role in transcription and splicing:

  • Q8. Separates nucleus from cytoplasm.

  • Q9. Direction and strand orientation for transcription established.

  • Q10. Blocking critical DNA sequences.

Gout and Uric Acid Management

• Pathway of uric acid formation leading to gout symptoms and inflammation.

• Quinolone action on bacterial infections inhibiting DNA replication.

Transcription Factors and Cancer Mechanisms

• Mutated P53 roles in cancer:

  • Cell cycle regulation.

  • Apoptosis.

Mechanisms of Action of Antibiotics

• Differences in prokaryotic/eukaryotic processes for targeting bacteria specifically with drugs like erythromycin and quinolone.