Week 11: Tudor - Letters of King Henry VII to John Cabot

Granted to John Cabot and his sons by King Henry VII in 1496. This document authorized the Cabots to explore and claim new territories on behalf of England - as well as outlining the extensive rights and privileges granted to them.

1. Introduction:

- The letter begins with a formal greeting from King Henry VII to all recipients.

2. Grant of Authority:

- The king grants John Cabot and his sons (Lewis, Sebastian, and Santius) full authority to sail under the English flag to all regions of the East, West, and North.

- They are empowered to explore any previously unknown lands inhabited by "heathens and infidels".

3. Discovery and Occupation:

- The Cabots are authorized to establish English presence (set up banners and ensigns) in any lands they discover.

- They have the right to subdue, occupy, and possess towns, cities, castles, and islands found during their voyages.

4. Revenue and Profits:

- The Cabots must pay the king one-fifth of the profits gained from their discoveries after deducting their expenses, specifically upon their arrival at the port of Bristol.

- They enjoy exemption from customs duties on goods brought from newly found lands.

5. Exclusive Rights:

- The lands and territories discovered cannot be visited or exploited by any other subjects of the king without the Cabots' permission, under penalty of forfeiture of ships and goods.

6. Support and Assistance:

- The king commands all subjects (both land and sea) to assist the Cabots, including providing resources for their voyages, such as arming ships, provisions, and necessary supplies.

7. Formal Witness and Date:

- The document concludes with formal witness details, stating it was issued at Westminster on March 5 in the 11th year of Henry VII’s reign.

- Exploration Rights: The grant gives the Cabots authority to explore uncharted territories and claim them for England, reflecting the Age of Discovery's spirit.

- Profits and Taxation: The stipulation of a one-fifth tax on profits illustrates early governance structures and economic interests in overseas ventures.

- Exclusive Trading Rights: Ensuring that no other subjects can exploit discovered lands without permission reinforces the Cabots' status and authority.

- Royal Support: The command for subjects to assist the Cabots highlights the king’s support in furthering English exploration.

This grant is significant, as it laid the groundwork for English exploration and colonization efforts, setting a precedent for future navigation and discovery under English auspices.