Quiz 2 Terminology

  1. Critical thinking - Thought process that is systematic and logical in reviewing information and data, that is open to reflection, inquiry and exploration in order to make informed decisions.

  2. Clinical reasoning - a complex cognitive process that is essential to evaluate and manage a patient's medical problem
    Clinical judgement model - a framework that helps nurses make decisions by guiding them through the process of gathering, assessing, and analyzing information

  3. Delegation - Assigning a nursing task or procedure to another person who has the training appropriate for that task or procedure

  4. Nursing process - A framework that guides nurses in delivering client-focused care that takes the entire person into consideration.

    1. A five-step sequential process that guides nurses in assessing and prioritizing care for clients. The five steps are assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

  5. Objective data - Data that can be observed by the nurse through the senses.

    1. Examples: cool and clammy skin or systolic heart murmur 

  6. Plan of care - A plan including the client problem (analysis), plans and goals, implementation, and responses; it is used by the interprofessional healthcare team.

    1. Examples:

  7. Subjective data - Data that is based upon the client's feelings, perception and assumptions.

    1. Examples: report in difficulty breathing or nausea for the past 2 days

Hygiene

  1. Alopecia - the partial or complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness or hair loss

    1. Examples:

      1. Alopecia areata: An autoimmune disease that causes hair loss in patches. 

      2. Traction alopecia: Hair loss caused by repeatedly pulling or tightening hair. 

      3. Diffuse alopecia areata: Hair thins and falls out in scattered areas across the scalp.

  2. Callus - a thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area that has been subjected to friction.

    1. Examples:

      1. Calluses can form on the hands of people who do manual labor, play instruments, or use hand tools. For example, farmers, rowers, guitarists, and weight lifters often develop calluses on their hands. 

      2. Calluses can form on the soles of the feet, especially on the heels, big toes, and balls of the feet. Calluses can also form on the sides of the feet. People with bunions often develop a callus over the bunion.

  3. Cerumen - technical term for earwax.

    1. Examples: The yellow wax substance found inside the ear. 

  4. Corn - a type of thickened skin lesion that can appear on the top or side of a toe; is cause by repeated friction or pressure and painful when pressed

    1. calluses that form on the toes because the bones push up against the shoe and put pressure on the skin

    2. Examples:

      1. Shoes that are too tight or too loose can cause friction and pressure on the foot.

      2. Hammer toe, claw toe, and other toe deformities can cause corns.

  5. Cross contamination - the process by which bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally transferred from one substance or object to another, with harmful effects

    1. the physical movement or transfer of harmful bacteria from one person, object or place to another

    2. Examples:

      1. Someone handles raw meat, such as chicken, and then touches a counter or a hand towel before properly washing their hands

      2. Not cleaning and sanitizing surfaces that have come into contact with contaminated items

  6. Fissure - a medical condition where the skin splits or tears apart

    1. Examples:

      1. Anal fissures affect the skin in and surrounding the anus. 

      2. Foot fissures affect the skin on the bottom of the feet, mostly the heels.

  7. Hemiplegia - paralysis of one side of the body.

  8. Plantar warts - small, rough growths on the feet. They usually show up on the balls and heels of the feet, the areas that bear the most pressure. 

    1. Plantar warts are caused by HPV. This virus enters through tiny cuts or breaks on the bottom of the feet.

  9. Pediculosis - an infestation of the hairy parts of the body or clothing with the eggs, larvae or adults of lice.

  10. Scabies - a parasitic infestation caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching and a rash.