Europe

The West

• Western Eurasia; Europe; Eastern Europe

• Europe: the Evening Land (Abendland)

  • possibly from Phoenician erebu (to go down/set) or éreb (evening, west)

• West: Proto-Indo- European wes-, evening

  • Greek Hesperus

  • Latin vesper

• Aegean Sea; Black Sea; Baltic Sea

• Mythic West

  • Hesperia: the Greek’s Western Frontier

  • South Italy

  • roads that splits to two; Islands of the Blessed, Tartarus

  • “everything’s better in the west”

• Disenchantment of the Mythic

  • it was like home lol

Western Civilization

• broadest cultural entity

  • includes North America, Europe, Australia

• different from Asia

• uniformed yet diverse

The Varied Shape of the Europe

• All of Europe is essentially one large Peninsula

  • Balkan Peninsula

  • Italian Peninsula

  • Iberian Peninsula

  • British Isles

  • Scandinavia

• The Alpine Spine

  • Alps, Pyrenees, Dinaric Alps, Carpathians

  • Transalpine

  • Cisalpine

• The Plain of Lombardy

• Great North European Plain

• Poland

  • Land of the Field Dwellers; People of the Plain

The Cores of Europe

• moving west

• Greece was the first part of Europeto become civilized

• Italy is the central land of southern Europe

• rules and influenced Europe

The Fourth Act: Gaul and Germania

• Gaul; France

  • Irrigated by rivers

  • The Rhone; The Rhine

  • Favored region

• Germania; Germany

  • occupy districts beyond the Rhine

  • greater ferocity, size

  • Hecrynian forest

Francia and the Rhineland Core

• axis of history shifted from Mediterranean to the lands north of the Alps

• Francia; land of the Franks, took central Germany and northern Gaul

• Charlemagne (742-814 AD)

  • crowned in Greece; centered around Rhineland

• Rhineland

The Destiny Idea of European Civilization

What was Zion considered? The center of the universe

Who believed in it? The people of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Spine of Europe: The Alps

What is another name for frontier? March/marchland

What is the division between Europe and Asia? Greek/Turkey

Axis Mundi: pivot of the world; connection between heaven and hell; foundation stone; seen as a bridge between hell, earth, and heaven

what was the caliphate? the succesor to muhammed. the spiritual and political leader

what is a kibla? the direction you face to pray, normally towards jerusalem

what is the term that explains the breaking apart of an empire? balkanization

Order of Center of the Universe? Foundation Stone, Holy of Holies, Temple, Jerusalem, Israel, World

What is important about the fertile crescent? you could only travel along this route

What was Armageddon? where armies gather; only route to move

What country/empire had the last Caliphate? Ottoman empire

Capital of rhineland: Aachen, on the rhine river

Chivalry: combination of religion and fighting

Francia/Rhineland is also called the Transalpine Core: True

What was a marquis: person who defends the march

What forced europe to take the defensive for hundred of years? taking defense from the vikings (scandinavians) attacked from north, moors (sarees), magayrs (slavs); led to europe conquering

what is special about european peninsulas? isolated and culturally unique