Spanish verbs

1. -AR Verbs (First Conjugation)

These verbs are the most common in Spanish. To conjugate -ar verbs, you drop the -ar ending and add the appropriate ending based on the subject of the sentence. Here's a quick look at the conjugation in the present tense:

Present Tense Conjugation of -AR Verbs (e.g., hablar - to talk)

Subject Pronoun

Conjugation

Yo (I)

hablo

Tú (You, informal)

hablas

Él/Ella/Ud. (He/She/You, formal)

habla

Nosotros/as (We)

hablamos

Vosotros/as (You all, informal - used in Spain)

habláis

Ellos/Ellas/Uds. (They/You all)

hablan

2. -ER Verbs (Second Conjugation)

To conjugate -er verbs, you drop the -er ending and add the correct endings based on the subject pronoun. Here’s an example with comer (to eat):

Present Tense Conjugation of -ER Verbs (e.g., comer - to eat)

Subject Pronoun

Conjugation

Yo (I)

como

Tú (You, informal)

comes

Él/Ella/Ud. (He/She/You, formal)

come

Nosotros/as (We)

comemos

Vosotros/as (You all, informal - used in Spain)

coméis

Ellos/Ellas/Uds. (They/You all)

comen

3. -IR Verbs (Third Conjugation)

-IR verbs are also very common, but their conjugation is a bit different from -er verbs, especially in the yo and forms. Here's an example with vivir (to live):

Present Tense Conjugation of -IR Verbs (e.g., vivir - to live)

Subject Pronoun

Conjugation

Yo (I)

vivo

Tú (You, informal)

vives

Él/Ella/Ud. (He/She/You, formal)

vive

Nosotros/as (We)

vivimos

Vosotros/as (You all, informal - used in Spain)

vivís

Ellos/Ellas/Uds. (They/You all)

viven

Key Points:

  • -ar, -er, and -ir verbs each follow a regular pattern of conjugation, though there are some irregular verbs in each category (e.g., ser and ir for -ir, tener for -er).

  • The verb endings change depending on who you're talking to (yo, tú, él/ella, etc.) and the tense you're using (present, past, future, etc.).

Common Regular Verbs by Type:

  • -AR: hablar (to speak), estudiar (to study), bailar (to dance), trabajar (to work)

  • -ER: comer (to eat), beber (to drink), aprender (to learn), correr (to run)

-IR: vivir (to live), escribir (to write), abrir (to open), recibir (to receive)