Psychology end of semester exam

Descriptive Research: What is happening? Why is something happening? How is something happening?

Simple: Describe the characteristics of a group of participants.

Comparative: Describe and compare the characteristics of two or more groups

Correlation: the similarities or common things in studies

Independent Variable: Treatment for One Group (Experimental Group) Group)

Dependent Variable: Resulting Change from Independent Variable

Quantitative Research: Number data

Qualitative Research: Comments

Data Collection Instruments:

Surveys:

Interviews:

Scaled Questions:

Observations:

Validity: instruments measure what they are suppose to measure

Reliability: If you could repeat the study in a short period of time and get the same results.

Nature: The belief that all traits of someone is from them and only them

Nurture: The belief that traits and personality are a direct result of how someone was raised

What are the 4 parenting styles? Permissive, authoritative, uninvolved and authoritarian

What parenting style do you think is best? Authoritative

What behaviors are assosiated with teens and why do they happen? Recklessness because they have an illusion of invulnerability and their frontal cortex is not connected to the back of the brain. Teens are also more likely to be reckless around friends and peers

Classical conditioning: Learning unconsciously

Operent conditioning: Learning concisely to modify a voluntary behavior

Stages of memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval

Why does the tree list work? Because you make memorable images to connect the things on the list

Tree list related to stages of memory: It is encoded when you memorise and assosiate the tree list item with the other item, it is stored in the long term memory and retrived when you need it

Tree List - Tree, lightswitch, stool, car, glove, gun, dice, skating,, cat, bowling, goalpost, eggs, witch, ring, paycheck, drivers licance, magazine, truck, golf clubs, ciggerettes

Stage 1 of sleep: Pulse slows down, mustles relac, breatheing becomes uneven, brain waves irregular, lasts 7 minutes, eaisly startled

Stage 2 of sleep: First NERM sleep, harder to wake up then stage 1, slow moving eye rolls, brain waves slow with bursts of rapid activity, body temp decreases

Stage 3 of sleep: Most restorative phase of sleep, unsists of delta and/or slow waves, its hard to wake someone up out of this, parasomnia

Stage 4 of sleep: Deepest stage of sleep, when you wake up you are very distorted, sleepwalking likely, gives you the best sleep, deep sleep caused by delta waves

Rem sleep: Mustles relaxed, face and fingers move and twitch, increased oxygin to brain, occours every 90 minutes, larger muscles paralyzed, when dreaming usually takes place