governance

Governance

  • Traditions, institutions, and processes that determine how POWER is exercised, how citizens are given a VOICE, and how DECISIONS are made on issues of public concern

  • The process of decision-making and the process by which decisionsare implemented.

Power

  • Possession of ability to control, authority or influence over others

Voice

  • The ability to speak and express one’s thoughts and ideas.

Decisions

  • The action or process of deciding something or resolving a question.’

Executive branch

  • Composed of the President, Vice-President and Cabinet

    Secretaries

  • Heads the different departments (offices, embassies, and police and the military forces)

  • Supervises local government units

  • Create an Executive Order for an orderly and efficient administration of government offices

Legislative branch

  • Composed of Two Houses

  • Senate with 24 members

  • house of the

  • Representatives with 254 members

  • Power & Functions

  • Make, repeal and alter laws

  • Pass the budget of the country

  • Set the tax rate

Judicial branch

  • Composed of the Supreme Court and all other lower courts

  • •Supreme Court - highest of all courts, composed of 1 Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices

  • Decide on the legality of treaties, laws, presidential

    decrees, ordinances, and others

  • Resolve criminal and administrative cases and to

    determine if the government is abusing its power

Executive branch and the judicial branch

  • the president nominates judges

  • the court can declate presidential acts unconstitutional

Legislative branch and the judicial branch

  • congress can declare laws unconstitutional

  • the senate confirms the presidents nominations

  • congress can impeach judges and remove them from office

Legislative branch and Executive branch

  • Congress approves presidential nominations and controls the budget

  • it can pass laws over the presidents veto and can impeach the president and remove them from office

  • president can veto congressional legislation

Good governance

  • The process whereby public institutions conduct public affairs, manage public resources and guarantee the realisation of human rights.

Characteristics of Good Governance

  • Participation

  • Rule of Law

  • Transparency

  • Responsiveness

  • Consensus - Oriented

  • Equity and Inclusiveness

  • Effectiveness and Efficiency

  • Accountability

Participation


  • Participation by all individuals is a key cornerstone of good governance

  • Could be either direct or through legitimate intermediate institutions or representatives (elected officials)

  • Freedom of association and expression

Rule of Law


  • Requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced impartially

  • Full protection of human rights

Transparency

  • Decisions are done in a manner that follows rules and regulations

  • information is freely available and directly accessible to those who will be affected by such decisions

Responsiveness


  • Requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe

  • Policies, strategies, programs, activities and resources

Consensus oriented

  • Consensus : general agreement

  • Mediation of the different interests in society to reach a broad consensus on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this can be achieved

Equity and Inclusiveness


  • Ensuring that all members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society

  • Requires all groups to have opportunities to improve or maintain their well being

Effectiveness and Efficiency


  • Processes and institutions produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal.

  • Sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of the environment.

Accountability


  • Accepting responsibility for decisions and laws affecting people in the society

  • Liability for the correct execution of a particular task

  • accountable to those who will be affected by its decisions or actions.

  • Accountability cannot be enforced without transparency and the rule of law

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD


  • The wisest, strongest and bravest will lead.

  • Succession

Spanish Period


  • Run by Gobernadorcillos which are all part of the principalia.

American Period


  • Elites and the wealthy class

  • Only open for Filipinos who own properties

THIN Dynasty


  • Intergenerational in nature

  • Two members of a political clan hold certain position in succession.

Fat dynasty


  • Clan holds several positions

  • Family has the monopoly of power

  • Horizontal expansion of dynasty

Political Dynasties (2007-2010 studies)


  • 70% of the 15th Philippine Congress is dynastic; and dynasties dominate all of the major political parties.

  • On average, there are more dynasties in regions with higher poverty and lower human development.

  • Dynasties tend to be richer (higher SALNs) when one outlier is removed among present non-dynasties (MP).

  • 80% of the youngest Congressmen (age 26-40) are from dynastic clans.

the state (government)


  • System by which a nation, state or community is governed

  • Provides for the legal and regulatory framework and political order

  • Represents citizens through electrons

  • Respond quickly to local needs and condition

Government


  • Provide national and economic security

  • provider of goods and services that individuals cannot provide individually for themselves

  • protect the rights of the people

  • protect citizens from violence and defend the country

  • Serve the People

  • Enforce laws and regulations for peace and order

  • Ensure the safety of the people

  • Collect taxes for economic gains and creation of public infrastructures

  • Provide economic and social assistance to citizens

Private/business sector

  • Engine of society

  • generates jobs and incomes for the people in community

  • assists the local government in producing an economic plan for the community and help in the implementation of the plan

Private Sector

  • includes buisness, industries and coporations

  • acts as the primary mechanism of the economy, exchanging goods and services and providing wages and benefits

benefits of governments and civil society

  • ensures that all people have aces to credit

  • creates buisnesses that generate the most jobs and opportunities

Civil society (the people)

  • Has the ability to shape government decision making and drive changes to laws and policies

  • engage in programs and deliver services in areas where government is absent

  • critics of existing policy and advocates of what to them are more appropriate policies for the good of the nation; watchdogs

  • schools, ngos, religious groups

Use of civil society

  • influence from outside the government and private sector

  • Has the ability to shape government decision-making and drive changes to laws and policies

  • Can protect the rights of the citizens and represent the political face of the society

  • Raise important concerns for the government agencies to consider