law enforcement test 1

President’s task force on 21^st-century policing: Framework for understanding the basic principles of good policing.

Democracy and the police:  The police are answerable to the people and accountable to the rule of law.

Legitimacy: This means more than just police following the rule of law- the people they serve have trust and confidence in them.

Procedural justice: An essential guiding principle for good policing. For example, it means that people are concerned not just with what happens to them but also with how they are treated.

Respectful policing: Includes: the police introducing themselves, explaining why they are there, listening to people, and answering their questions.

Openness and transparency: The police explain to the public what they do and how they handle certain critical situations, such as domestic violence incidents.

Accountability: One of the basic elements of a democratic police. The police should be accountable to both the public and to the law for their operations.

Policies on the use of force: Cover when and in what circumstances officers are authorized to use force, including both deadly force and physical force.

De-escalation: This does not involve a permissive or overly lenient style of policing. A technique that should be used when appropriate and as an alternative to the officers escalating an incident and using unnecessary force.

Systematic bias: A pattern seen in routine police law enforcement activities. For example, systematically stopping, searching, and arresting African Americans has been labeled as racial profiling.

Unconscious bias: Officers act on the basis of deeply embedded stereotypes about racial or ethnic groups, involvement in the crime, or the perceived “dangerousness” of certain people.

Citizen oversight: There are two basic forms of citizen oversight: Complaint review and police auditors. Complaint review boards investigate individual citizen complaints, determine the disposition of the crime, and make a recommendation to the police chief for further action. Police auditors do not investigate complaints but instead are designed to investigate the policies and practices of the police department to identify problems that exist and recommend improvement.

Complex responsibilities of the police: To fulfill their three major responsibilities of controlling crime, maintaining order, and providing services to the public, police must have a good understanding of the complex responsibilities of the police and the complexities of the three areas.

Crime-fighter image: Something that the police perpetuate themselves. A way of presenting themselves to the community as the protectors of public safety- a way for the police to tell the public they are doing something good, and they are doing something important.

Problem-oriented policing: A widely used program that has been effective in responding to crime and disorder. Involves disaggregating the police workload into specific problems, identifying recurring problems, developing working partnerships with community groups, and together developing strategies to reduce or eliminate a specific problem.