102.13 Hair Care Product Knowledge
6 Cosmetic Classifications
Solutions- mixtures of two or more kids of molecules ,evenly dispersed; solutions do not separate when left standing; generally clear mixtures.
Solute- Any substance that dissolves into a liquid and forms a solution; stirring is usually required when dissolving a solute; can be either solid, liquid, or gas.
Solvent- substance that is able to dissolve another substance. Water is considered a universal solvent because is capable of dissolving more substances than any other solvent. Only not oil and wax.
3 classes of solutions:
Dilute Solution- Contains a small quantity of the solute in comparison to the quality of solvent.
Concentrated Solution- Contains a large quantity of the solute in comparison to the quantity of solvent.
Saturated Solution- Can’t take or dissolve more of the solute than it already holds at a given temperature.
2. Suspensions- Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules; have a tendency to to separate when left standing and therefore need to be shaken before using. Example; vintages and oil.
3. Emulsions- Formed when two or more immiscible substances( like oil and water) are united with the help of a binder or gum-like substance ( emulsifier); the gum-like substance might be a soap. General classifications are oil-in-water ( perm solutions) and water-in-oil(cold creams)
4. Ointments- Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent, usually found in a semi solid form; water is generally not present on this mixture.
5. Soaps - Mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and then purified.
6. Powders- Equal mixtures of inorganic and organic substances that do not dissolve into water and that have been sifted and mixed until free of coarse, gritty particles. Example: perfume and shades of color are usually added for purposes of enhancement.
SHAMPOO
Most shampoos are water-based and contains an ingredient known as as a surfactant or cleansing agent. Surfactants, also called surface active agents, are used to remove oil from the hair.
A surfactant is necessary because water alone cannot attack and dissolve oil.
Types of shampoos-
All-purpose shampoos- designed to cleanse the hair without correcting any special condition. Contain low alkaline content and low concentration of surface active agents.
PH-Balanced Shampoos- can be used on almost all types of hair, made especially to cleanse chemically treated hair without removing permanent hair coloring, same pH as the hair and skin(4.5 to 5.5).
Plain Shampoos- strong and contains high alkaline or soap base, used for virgin hair in good condition, but are not recommended for chemically treated or demanded hair, it needs to always be follow with an acid rinse to restore the acid balance of the client’s hair and scalp.
Soapless Shampoos- can be lathered without harsh alkaline ingredients, often recommended for textured hair, or hair that is coarse and dry and tents to frizz, effective on both soft and hard water and rise out easily.
Medicated Shampoos- only by prescription from a client’s doctor, contain ingredients designed to treat scalp and hair problems or disorders.
Clarifying shampoos- higher alkalinity in order to be able to remove residue, chlorine ,minerals or product buildup, used often before chemical services.
Anti-Dandruff shampoos- for either dry or an oil scalp, and contain an anti-fungal or germicidal ingredients.
Strengthening Protein Additive Shampoos- contain surfactant and conditioner, help strengthen the hair through the addition of artificial or hydrolyzed protein derivatives that strengthen damaged areas of the hair by depositing protein.
Aerosol dry shampoos- used for expand the time between shampoo and add texture, work by absorbing oil at the roots.
Non-Aerosol power dry shampoos- used for clients waiting to expand the time between shampoo shampoos and add texture, after applying the power, brush it out of the hair with a long-bristled brush until all traces of power are removed. DO NOT POWER DRY SHAMPOOS BEFORE A CHEMICAL SERVICE.
Liquid dry shampoos- used to cleanse the scalp and hair when the client is unable to receive a normal shampoo- effective in cleaning wigs and hairpieces because ordinary shampoos deteriorate the wafting. Highly flammable.
Conditioning shampoos- additives that coat the cuticle layer of the hair, resulting in surface benefits such as shine and manageability,
Neutralizing Shampoos- developed to restore the hair to its 4.5 5.5 pH by neutralizing any remaining alkaline values, used generally in conjunction with a chemical relaxing service.
Color shampoos- temporary color molecules that adhere to the outer cuticle of the hair and deposit color, effects of these shampoos, availed in enhancing and vivid colors, last from shampoo to shampoo.
Thinning hair Shampoos- formulated as a gentle shampoo, with a lighter molecular weight that does not cause damage or weigh hair down.
Rises- affect mostly the surface of the hair. Rises are usually applied to the hair and rinsed off immediately.
Rises can be refer to conditioner for some people.
Types of conditioners