wars of religion

wars of religion

wars of religion

  • french wars of religion   * war of the three henry’s
  • england and spain
  • thirty years war

<<spain !!<<

  • king philip the second   * father is charles v   * very very focused on religion   * under philip, spain is a very dominant country in europe   * had to face the ottoman turks   * trying to stamp out protestants and wants to deal with protestantism in europe   * married to mary tudor - provided a connection to england   * philip and elizabeth     * she refused his hand in marriage (which annoyed him)     * she was protestant (which annoyed him)     * she provided help to the protestants in the netherlands (which annoyed him)     * elizabeth keeps trying to get assasinated (most threatening one is from her cousin, mary queen of scots) - has mary assassinated, she just beheaded a catholic monarch - the final straw (1587)   * the spanish armada, 1588     * sent by king philip     * very heavy, very strong     * there was a storm in the english channel, when most of the ships were there and many of the ships were destroyed. “protestant winds”     * destruction of spanish armada, led to the end of the dominance of spain in europe

<<france !!<<

  • 1562 - 1598
  • power struggle   * valois, catholic   * bourbon, huguenots     * huguenots -   * guise, ultra-catholic

in france 40-50% of nobles became calvinists. possible reasons: didn’t have to listen to pope/authority figures, don’t need to pay taxes, more power.

  • st. bartholomew’s day massacre
  • war of the three henrys (1585-1589)   * head of all families at one point are all named henry     * valois - henry     * bourbon - henry     * guise - henry   * two henry’s end up dead from assaisnation, henry of navarre (house of bourbon)
  • henry iv   * aka henry of navarre   * converts to catholicism due to paris being a catholic stronghold   * edict of nantes     * granted official tolerance to protestantism

<<^^thirty years war^^<<

  • 1618 - 1648
  • failure of the peace of augsburg   * peace of augsburg: if the leader of that region was one religion, then the whole region is that religion
  • four phases   * bohemian phase (1618-1622)     * bohemia - where the czech republic is today     * there are a group of calvinists, peace of augsburg only recognizes lutheranism and nothing else     * they meet with the holy roman empire, to ask for them to be tolerated and recognized, but they said no     * it infamously ended as calvinists thought the appropriate response to the holy roman empire was to throw the officials out of the window (defenestration)   * danish phase (1625-1629)   * swedish phase (1630-1635)     * lutheranism     * gustavus adolfus   * french “international” phase (1635-1648)     * france is catholic, but they enter on the protestant side     * this is because the holy roman empire is a threat to france, the area around france is the holy roman empire, and they have some legitimate connections to the throne in france   * HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE LOSES
  • ends with the treaty of westphalia   * “who’s realm, their religion”   * treaty of westphalia “EF-CHIP”     * End of wars of religion     * France emerges as Europe’s most powerful country     * Calvinism added to the treaty of augsburg     * Holy roman empire effectively destroyed     * Independence for the netherlands and switzerland     * Prussia emerges as a great power

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