wars of religion

wars of religion

wars of religion

  • french wars of religion
    • war of the three henry’s
  • england and spain
  • thirty years war

<<spain !!<<

  • king philip the second
    • father is charles v
    • very very focused on religion
    • under philip, spain is a very dominant country in europe
    • had to face the ottoman turks
    • trying to stamp out protestants and wants to deal with protestantism in europe
    • married to mary tudor - provided a connection to england
    • philip and elizabeth
    • she refused his hand in marriage (which annoyed him)
    • she was protestant (which annoyed him)
    • she provided help to the protestants in the netherlands (which annoyed him)
    • elizabeth keeps trying to get assasinated (most threatening one is from her cousin, mary queen of scots) - has mary assassinated, she just beheaded a catholic monarch - the final straw (1587)
    • the spanish armada, 1588
    • sent by king philip
    • very heavy, very strong
    • there was a storm in the english channel, when most of the ships were there and many of the ships were destroyed. “protestant winds”
    • destruction of spanish armada, led to the end of the dominance of spain in europe

<<france !!<<

  • 1562 - 1598
  • power struggle
    • valois, catholic
    • bourbon, huguenots
    • huguenots -
    • guise, ultra-catholic

in france 40-50% of nobles became calvinists. possible reasons: didn’t have to listen to pope/authority figures, don’t need to pay taxes, more power.

  • st. bartholomew’s day massacre
  • war of the three henrys (1585-1589)
    • head of all families at one point are all named henry
    • valois - henry
    • bourbon - henry
    • guise - henry
    • two henry’s end up dead from assaisnation, henry of navarre (house of bourbon)
  • henry iv
    • aka henry of navarre
    • converts to catholicism due to paris being a catholic stronghold
    • edict of nantes
    • granted official tolerance to protestantism

<<^^thirty years war^^<<

  • 1618 - 1648
  • failure of the peace of augsburg
    • peace of augsburg: if the leader of that region was one religion, then the whole region is that religion
  • four phases
    • bohemian phase (1618-1622)
    • bohemia - where the czech republic is today
    • there are a group of calvinists, peace of augsburg only recognizes lutheranism and nothing else
    • they meet with the holy roman empire, to ask for them to be tolerated and recognized, but they said no
    • it infamously ended as calvinists thought the appropriate response to the holy roman empire was to throw the officials out of the window (defenestration)
    • danish phase (1625-1629)
    • swedish phase (1630-1635)
    • lutheranism
    • gustavus adolfus
    • french “international” phase (1635-1648)
    • france is catholic, but they enter on the protestant side
    • this is because the holy roman empire is a threat to france, the area around france is the holy roman empire, and they have some legitimate connections to the throne in france
    • HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE LOSES
  • ends with the treaty of westphalia
    • “who’s realm, their religion”
    • treaty of westphalia “EF-CHIP”
    • End of wars of religion
    • France emerges as Europe’s most powerful country
    • Calvinism added to the treaty of augsburg
    • Holy roman empire effectively destroyed
    • Independence for the netherlands and switzerland
    • Prussia emerges as a great power