Ch 3 Trivia

1. Enzymes and Lipids

• Enzymes:

  • a. Fats

  • b. Steroids

  • c. Monosaccharides

  • d. Proteins

• Saturated Fats:

  • Saturated with:

    • a. Phosphorous

    • b. Nitrogen

    • c. Carbon

    • d. Hydrogen

2. Reactions and Components

• Reactions:

  • Hydrolysis:

    • Reaction: polymer + water = monomer + monomer

    • a. Dehydration synthesis

    • b. Hydrolysis

    • c. Denaturization

    • d. Gluconeogenesis

• Major Lipids:

  • Found in plasma membranes:

    • a. Triglycerides

    • b. Phospholipids

    • c. Fatty acids

    • d. Steroids

3. Nucleic Acids

• Monomers and Polymers:

  • Monomers: Nucleotides

  • Polymers: Polynucleotides

4. Sugars and Organic Compounds

• Main Sugar in Milk:

  • a. Lactase

  • b. Glucose

  • c. Sucrose

  • d. Lactose

• Non-Organic Compound:

  • a. H2O

  • b. C6H12O6

  • c. CH4

  • d. C2H6O

5. Organic Molecules

• Simplest Organic Molecules:

  • a. Fats

  • b. Carbohydrates

  • c. Hydrocarbons

  • d. Proteins

6. Macromolecules

• Polymers and Macromolecules:

  • a. Polymers: chains of monomers

  • b. Monomers: chains of polymers

  • c. Monosaccharides: polymers

  • d. Polymers: chains of monomers

• Hydrolysis Truths:

  • a. Breaks bonds between monomers

  • b. Adds a molecule of water

  • c. It's the reverse of dehydration

  • d. Connects polymer chains

7. Categories and Functions

• Four Categories of Large Molecules:

  • Carbohydrates

  • Lipids

  • Proteins

  • Nucleic Acid

• Non-Carbohydrate Example:

  • a. Sucrose

  • b. Monosaccharides

  • c. Amino acids

  • d. Starch

8. Functions of Fat

• Main Functions:

  • Energy storage

  • Cushioning

  • Insulation

9. Sugar Storage and Properties

• Sugar Storage in Animals:

  • a. Fat

  • b. Starch

  • c. Cellulose

  • d. Glycogen

• Water Interactions:

  • If attracted to water:

    • a. Hydrophobic

    • b. Hydrostatic

    • c. Hydrophilic

    • d. Hydropheatic

10. Proteins and Structures

• Monomers and Polymers of Proteins:

  • Monomers: Amino acids

  • Polymers: Polypeptides

• Hydrophobic Compounds:

  • a. Lipids

  • b. Carbohydrates

  • c. Nucleic acids

  • d. Proteins

• Fat Molecule:

  • a. Pudgie polymer

  • b. Polysaccharide

  • c. Amino acid

  • d. Triglyceride

11. Saturated Fats and Molecular Structures

• Example of a Saturated Fat:

  • a. HHHHHHHHHH

  • b. C - C = C - C - C

• Identifying Molecules:

  • a. Fat

  • b. Steroid

  • c. DNA

  • d. Protein

12. Protein Structure and Denaturation

• Levels of Protein Structure:

  • a. 2

  • b. 4

  • c. 3

  • d. 6

• Denaturation Defined:

  • a. Polysaccharides break apart

  • b. Proteins unravel and lose shape

  • c. Unsaturated fats become saturated

13. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

• Example of Nucleic Acid:

  • a. Fats

  • b. Steroids

  • c. Nucleic acid

  • d. Proteins

• Protein Synthesis Instruction:

  • DNA directly instructs protein synthesis:

    • a. True

    • b. False

14. Carbohydrates and Nucleotide Composition

• Monomers and Polymers of Carbohydrates:

  • Monomers: Monosaccharides

  • Polymers: Disaccharides/Polysaccharides

• Components of Nucleotide:

  • a. 5-carbon sugar

  • b. Fatty acid chain

  • c. Phosphate group

  • d. Nitrogenous base

15. Base Pairing

• Correct Base Pairings:

  • a. G-U

  • b. T-C

  • c. A-C

  • d. A-T

  • Sugar-phosphate backbone