New England Colonies — Quick Review (Last-Minute)

Jamestown (Chesapeake): search for gold; young, single men; long-term settlement not immediate priority; wealth-driven and short-term goals.
Plymouth (New England): aim to build a new society; families (husbands, wives, children) migrate together; emphasis on lasting community.
First winter outcomes:
- Plymouth: $rac{44}{100}$ survived; not a mass abandonment; first Thanksgiving within a year.
- Jamestown: high mortality, but details not the focus here.

John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts: colony tightly tied to religion; governance closely linked to church.
Book: "The Model of Christian Charity" and the idea of being "a city upon a hill" to show the world how Christianity should be done.
Implication: Puritan society emphasizes public virtue and visible piety; theocracy shapes law and daily life.

Theocracy: government led by religious leaders; religion closely guides civil life.
Massachusetts Bay notable for theocratic tendencies; broader tolerance is low.
Roger Williams (Salem): critic of the fusion of church and state; argued for separation of church and state.
1635 exile: Williams leaves, founds Providence (Rhode Island) as a refuge for religious dissenters; Rhode Island becomes a symbol of resistance to strict theocracy.
Concept that influences later U.S. ideas on church-state separation.

Patriarchy: male-dominated society; strong male leadership in New England.
Women: fewer rights and less public influence than in Chesapeake; long-term trend toward later women’s suffrage (noted as a historical pattern).
Notable example of dissent: strong-willed women who challenged authority faced exile or punishment (e.g., critiques of predestination and patriarchy).

Early cooperative notes with Native Americans contrasted with later conflict.
Pico War (Pequot War in many accounts): colonists and allied tribes wage war against the Pequots; significant land seizure following defeat.
Pattern: initial contact can be cordial, but competition for land and power leads to displacement and near-destruction of Native communities.

Roger Williams: advocate for church-state separation; exile leads to Rhode Island.
Providence, Rhode Island: example of religious tolerance relative to Massachusetts Bay; later reputation as a ‘rebel state’.
Anne Hutchinson (implied): vocal critic of patriarchy and predestination; exiled for challenging religious/political authority; linked to broader themes of dissent in Puritan New England.

Life expectancy in New England colonies: $70$ years (early/mid 1600s).
Life expectancy in Jamestown/Chesapeake: around $40$ years.
Average age at marriage: generally older than in some other regions (chart notes, not a fixed number here).
Density of religious influence: high; religious authority closely ties to civil authority; theocracy more pronounced than in the Chesapeake.

Motivations, demographics, geography, and religious commitments lead to different social systems and outcomes between New England and Chesapeake colonies.
New England tends toward community planning, Puritan moral order, and limited religious tolerance; Chesapeake emphasizes economic extraction and more flexible social structures.

Expect a comparison task: two regions (New England vs Chesapeake) with emphasis on motivations, governance, society, and Native relations.
Use today’s notes and readings to categorize similarities and differences quickly.
Reading quiz window reminders and upcoming resources to help organize thoughts.