Veterinary Immunology

Importance:

Protection of body against invading pathogens and abnormalities.

History:

In 1930 Alvin Kabar demonstrated neutralisation of toxins precipitate in gluten in the Gemma Globulins known as the immunoglobulins. The active molecule in the immunoglobin in fraction are antibodies.

In 1883 Elie Metchnikoff demonstrated that WBC phagocytose micro organisms hypothesise that the blood cells are major factors rather than the serum.

Variolation:

Inserting man particles of smallpox disease and the individual will get Secure against small box. It is an early method of immunisation.

History: in 430 BC, Individuals were deliberate expose oneself to smallpox postulates in hopes of developing immunity against future infections. This method was developed by Edward Jenner in 1796 to confer immunity.

Vaccine:

It is dry from a Latin word “Vacca”, which means “cow” which is given by Louis Pasteur.

Vaccination: biological preparation of an individual against specific infectious diseases by stimulating the bodies immune system to recognise and comeback pathogens.

Immunity:

Is from a Latin word “immunis”which means “exemption”.

A body is ability resistance fight of against foreign particles and pathogens is known as immunity.

Attenuated strain: Is a weak former pathogen used in vaccine in order to help the bodies immune system recognise and fight off against future infections.

Question: Why variolation modified into vaccination?

Answer: Variolation modified into vaccination because it’s safer remote control and effective method of immunity development without causing severe illness and prevent disease transmission.

Pathogen: A foreign particle that causes abnormality or disease in host.

Pathogenicity: ability of a foreign particle to cause disease or abnormality in the host.

Level of pathogenicity:

Newcastle disease I-E Lentogenic- 10%

Mesogenic-60%, Velogenic-100%

Immunogens: A foreign particle that is the immune system/response of a host.

Immunogenicity: ability of a pathogen to trigger the immune system of a host.

Antigen: no Foreign particles that may or may not Trigger the Host immune system.

Antibody/immunoglobulins: are protein produced by the immune system in response to invasive foreign particles.

Cross immunity: phenomena in which exposure to one pathogen has developed against another but related pathogen.