AP world history

  • Gun powder horn- Soldier used a Gun powder horn to hold gun powder and prevent it from getting wet. 

  • Pre-Measured gun powder packs- Provides the same use as the gun powder horn, Packets pre measured with the right amount of gun powder as well as the bullet and rubbed with oil to repel water to prevent damage.

  • Raj-a period of rule or sovereignty



2.Middle East and South Asia

Ottoman territories

  • Suez Canal 

  • Crimean War

  • Russians / Europeans in Persia: oil resources 

 

India: “Jewel in the crown” Of the British Empire

  • British East India Company raj by late 1700’s 

  • Local divisions = Mughal emperor, Local kings, indirection British Control, & “Sepoy” Indian Soldiers

Uprising of 1857 → Brutal repression → British raj with viceroy/ governor-general, end of company raj, increased infrastructure

  • Nationalism, including Indian National Congress 1885

Video Notes


  • English and French governments in conflict

  • English and French traders in conflict

  • Taxes arising and the heavier the tax burden the more push back there was

  • Indian tax company would get a lot of profits and stock pricing (Good for the company but bad for the people)






3. Developments in Africa

Expansion of old company ports,slave trade posts, & missionary bases

Markets & Resources for industry (Palm oil,rubber,gold,diamonds, etc) Plus additional missionary activity 

  • (gold in California (Gold rush), South Africa (Johannesburg)) 

  • (Palm oil in Nigeria and West Africa, Important for lubrication for machines and other household objects)

  • (Rubber in central african rain forest, used for insulation for insulation wiring and tires)

“Scramble for Africa”, Berlin Conference 1885 and the “effective occupation” rule

Resistance and Nationalism

Overlapping ethnic & language groups + varying amounts of settlers


PRACTICE QUESTIONS (Will be on slides later)

 A.) Identify one aspect of the agreement that helped the British colonize Nigeria

One aspect was the territory “forever”. This gave the British a legal claim to the land and stopped the other European countries from taking it. It also took away the Chiefs power to start wars, giving the British military control.


B.) Explain one incentive not listed in the document that helped motivate the leaders of the Royal Niger Company to seek the control described in the document (On the slides)

A major incentive was securing a monopoly on palm oil. The company wanted to control the source of raw materials to make more money by cutting out African middlemen and stopping their European competitors from trading in the area.


C.) Explain one way in which the interactions between Europeans and Africans changed overtime from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth century

In the 1600’s.Europeans stayed on the coast and traded as equal partners for goods and slaves. By the 1 800’s, they moved inland to conquer territory and take direct control of African government to fuel the Industrial revolution 



Bentley - ¨Heavenly Kingdom¨

Prepare for the following topics:

Taiping: Aims, Achievements, results

  • ¨ Equality of men and women before God and on Earth, and that belief was ironically illustrated in the political rise of woman destined to be part of the taipings¨

Similarities in process or outcome

  • Military weakness that left them vulnerable to foreign threats (Weaker than industrial powers)

  • All fought foreign wars or engaged in military confrontation with the industrial lands of western Europe and the United States. 

  • All experienced serious domestic turmoil

  • Internal weakness (Population pressure, Declining agricultural productivity, Famine, Falling government revenue, And corruption at all levels of government.)

  • All 4 societies planned to 

Differences in outcome










Areas of reform:     

  •  Limited ruler authority

  • Industry

  • Education

  • Corrupt government

  • Limits in foreign influence

  • More modern military

  • Equality


Obstacles of Reform:

  • Military vulnerability 

  • Internal weakness (Population pressure, Declining agricultural production, famine, falling government revenue, political corruption)

  • Domestic Turmoil

  • Colonial expansion of big empires created a lot of outside pressure (Foreign influence)



V. Resistance and Nationalism

Militant defensive wars (Ex. Zulu in South Africa, Asante in Ghana, Ethiopia over Italy)

Militant rebellion (Ex. Indian Uprising of 1857, Boxers in China)

Defensive modernization attempts (Ex.Meiji in Japan)

Political mobilization (Ex. Indian National Congress) for equal rights and/or local control and/or eventual independence



STUDY WHY THESE EMPIRES COLLAPSED

  • Imperial decline:
    Spanish,otoman,mughal,qing(including taiping) 

  • Causes of World War I

    • Nationalism: Rising tensions among nations

    • Militarism: Arms race among major powers

    • Alliances: Complex web of treaties

    • Imperialism: Competition for colonies

  • Major Events in World War I

    • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914

    • Trench warfare on the Western Front

    • Entry of the United States in 1917

    • Signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919

  • Causes of World War II

    • Treaty of Versailles: Harsh penalties on Germany

    • Expansionism: Aggressive actions by Germany, Italy, and Japan

    • Failure of the League of Nations

  • Major Events in World War II

    • Invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939

    • Pearl Harbor attack in 1941

    • D-Day invasion of Normandy in 1944

    • Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945

  • Consequences of the World Wars

    • Redrawing of national boundaries

    • Establishment of the United Nations

    • Cold War era begins as a result of tensions between the USA and USSR.

REVIEW FOR POP UP QUIZ (* things needed to study)

State collapses: Qing dynasty (Republic of China, Guomindang-Communist Civil War), Mexican Revolution, Russia (USSR), Ottoman empire (Republic of Turkey)

WWI Causes: Imperialism, regional conflicts, nationalism

WWI Characteristics: Propaganda, total war, industrial scale, and new military/transport technologies

Interwar empires: Maintenance of existing colonial empires, new League of Nations Mandate colonies,Japanese Manchukuo and Indian National congress and other anti colonial activism

Interwar economic crisis: 1918 Flu pandemic, active gov. intervention during the great depression, soviet 5 year plan, New deal, Fascist state corporate collaboration model

1.Russian Revolution

A. Czars (or Tsars) and empire

  • Aristocratic landowners, lots of peasants, limited industrialization

    B. Unrest:some constitutional reform, socialist agitation, Lenin & Bolsheviks

C. Revolution in 1917 during WWI (compare to Mexico/ China 1911)

(Bolshevik symbol means the 2 groups (factory workers and peasants))

(Lenin wants to unify the factory workers and peasants)