TISSUES, ORGANS, SYSTEM, ORGANISMS EOYR
Skeletal System
The skeletal system provides structure and support to the body.
It protects vital organs and enables movement.
Composed of bones that are connected by joints.
Major functions include:
Support: Provides a framework for the body.
Protection: Safeguards organs (e.g., skull protects the brain, rib cage protects the heart and lungs).
Movement: Works with muscles to facilitate movement.
Mineral Storage: Stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
Blood Cell Production: Bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Tendons
Tendons are tough, flexible bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones.
They help transmit the force generated by muscles to enable movement.
Tendons are resilient but can be prone to injury due to overuse or strain.
Ligaments
Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints.
They provide stability and support to joints, allowing for a degree of movement while preventing excessive movement that could cause injury.
Ligaments are also susceptible to injury through sprains.
Cartilage
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including joints, the ear, and the nose.
It cushions joints and reduces friction between bones during movement.
Cartilage can heal and regenerate slowly compared to bone but has no blood supply, making it more vulnerable to degeneration.
Skeletal System - The skeletal system provides structure and support to the body. - It protects vital organs and enables movement. - Composed of bones that are connected by joints. - Major functions include: - Support: Provides a framework for the body. - Protection: Safeguards organs (e.g., skull protects the brain, rib cage protects the heart and lungs). - Movement: Works with muscles to facilitate movement. - Mineral Storage: Stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus. - Blood Cell Production: Bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Tendons - Tendons are tough, flexible bands of connective tissue that attach muscles to bones. - They help transmit the force generated by muscles to enable movement. - Tendons are resilient but can be prone to injury due to overuse or strain. - Examples: The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, facilitating walking and running.
Ligaments - Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints. - They provide stability and support to joints, allowing for a degree of movement while preventing excessive movement that could cause injury. - Ligaments are also susceptible to injury through sprains. - Examples: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) stabilizes the knee joint.
Cartilage - Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including joints, the ear, and the nose. - It cushions joints and reduces friction between bones during movement. - Cartilage can heal and regenerate slowly compared to bone but has no blood supply, making it more vulnerable to degeneration.
Types of Muscles 1. Skeletal Muscle: Attached to bones, responsible for voluntary movements. It appears striated and is controlled consciously.
Examples: Biceps, triceps.
Smooth Muscle: Found in the walls of hollow organs (e.g., intestines, blood vessels). It is involuntary and non-striated.
Examples: Muscle lining the digestive tract.
Cardiac Muscle: Found only in the heart. It is striated like skeletal muscle but involuntary.
Examples: Myocardial tissue that makes up the heart wall.
Antagonistic Muscles - Muscles work in pairs, where one muscle contracts while the other relaxes to produce movement.
During Contraction: When the bicep contracts, the tricep relaxes, allowing the elbow to bend.
During Relaxation: When the tricep contracts, the bicep relaxes, allowing the elbow to straighten.
Unicellular Organisms - These organisms consist of a single cell and can be found in various kingdoms. - Examples include bacteria (Monera), amoeba (Protista), and yeast (Fungi).
Kingdoms - Major classifications of life include: - Animalia: Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are usually motile. - Plantae: Multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that perform photosynthesis. - Fungi: Eukaryotic organisms that decompose organic material. - Protista: Mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms, including protozoa and algae. - Monera: Unicellular prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria.
Skeletal System: Provides structure and support to the body, protects vital organs, and enables movement. It is composed of bones connected by joints.
Support: A major function of the skeletal system that offers a framework for the body.
Protection: The skeletal function that safeguards organs, such as the skull (protects the brain) and rib cage (protects the heart and lungs).
Movement: The ability of the skeletal system to work with muscles for bodily movement.
Mineral Storage: The capacity of bones to store essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
Blood Cell Production: The process by which bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Tendons: Tough, flexible bands of connective tissue that connect muscles to bones and transmit muscle force to enable movement.
Ligaments: Fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones at joints, providing stability and support while allowing movement.
Cartilage: A flexible connective tissue that cushions joints, reduces friction between bones during movement, and has a slow healing process.
Skeletal Muscle: Muscle that is attached to bones and is responsible for voluntary movements; appears striated and is consciously controlled.
Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non-striated muscle found in hollow organs like the intestines and blood vessels.
Cardiac Muscle: Striated muscle found only in the heart, involuntary in nature.
Antagonistic Muscles: Pairs of muscles that work oppositely to produce movement, where one contracts while the other relaxes.
Unicellular Organisms: Organisms consisting of a single cell, including bacteria, amoeba, and yeast.
Animalia: A kingdom of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are usually motile.
Plantae: A kingdom of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that perform photosynthesis.
Fungi: Eukaryotic organisms that decompose organic material.
Protista: Mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms, including protozoa and algae.
Monera: Unicellular prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria.