Unit 10 People and Society

Vocabulary in Contrast

1. sympathetic/ likeable

   • sympathetic (adj) đầy cảm thông
     → She just needed someone who would lend a sympathetic ear to her (= listen to her in a kind and understanding way) once in a while.

     → You are not being very sympathetic.

   • likeable (adj) dễ chịu
     → I have always found Bill to be a very likeable person
     

2. sensitive/ sensible

   • sensitive (adj) nhạy cảm
     → He is always a very sensitive boy

   • sensible (adj) khôn ngoan
     → This seems to be a sensible way of dealing with problems
     

3. typical/ usual/ ordinary

   • usual: thông thường (những điều ai đó hay làm ở đâu đó)
     → She gave us a usual polite smile

   • ordinary: bình thường
     → It was just an ordinary Saturday morning, I had a cup of aojiru

4. unknown/ infamous

   • unknown : vô danh, ko đc biết tới

     → For unknown reason, the plan landed at the wrong airport

   • infamous: khét tiếng
     → Mafia was an infamous gangster

Phrasal Verb

1. ask after : hỏi về thông tin gì đó
   → Your ex-boyfriend asked after you, and I said you’re fine
   

2. fall for (2)

   • fall in love with
     → David fall for Sam when he first met her.

   • believe ( a lie/trick/etc)
     → I told him that I won 1 million dollar, and he fell for it!

3. fall out (with) cãi nhau

   • We have not talking to each other since we felt out yesterday
     

4. look down on >< look up to
   

5. pick on

   • You shouldn’t not pick him on, he’s just a little boy
     

6. put down phê phán, chê bai

   → I wish you wouldn’t keep putting me down in front of other people!

7. settle down (2)

   • become calm, after upset
     → When his mom left him at school, she was quite upset, but soon she settled down and started to play.
     

   • ở 1 địa điểm sau khi cưới và sống yên tĩnh
     → After spending 20 years for travelling, finally he settled down in a small village at the North Australia
     

8. stand up for = support in agrument

   → I know that my friends always stand up for me
   

9. take aback: surprise (usually in passive voice)
   → I were all taken aback by the news

Collocation

1. approval

   • show/give (your) approval: Thể hiện hoặc đưa ra sự đồng ý, chấp thuận.
     → The manager gave his approval for the new project.
     (Người quản lý đã đưa ra sự chấp thuận cho dự án mới.)

     → She nodded to show her approval.
     

   • meet with sb’s approval: Được ai đó chấp thuận hoặc đồng tình.
     → His proposal met with the boss's approval.
     (Đề xuất của anh ấy được sếp chấp thuận.)

   • Does this decision meet with your approval?

   • The new law didn’t meet everyone’s approval when it was introduce
     (Nobody approved of the new law when it was introduced)
     

2. argument

   • have an -

   • win/loose an -
     

3. courage

   • have the courage to do: Có đủ can đảm để làm điều gì đó.
     → She had the courage to speak up against injustice.
     (Cô ấy đã có đủ can đảm để lên tiếng chống lại sự bất công.)
     

   • it takes courage to do : Cần sự can đảm để làm điều gì đó

     → It takes courage to admit your mistakes.
     

4. disguise

   • in disguise: Ngụy trang, cải trang.
     → The detective was in disguise to catch the thief.
     (Thám tử đã cải trang để bắt tên trộm)
     

   • wear a disguise: Mặc hoặc đeo đồ cải trang.
     → He wore a disguise so no one would recognize him.
     ( Anh ấy đã mặc đồ cải trang để không ai nhận ra.)
     

   • disguise yourself : Tự cải trang bản thân.
     → She disguised herself as a police officer.
     ( Cô ấy cải trang thành một cảnh sát.)
     

   • disguised as sth/sb : Tự cải trang bản thân.
     → The robber was disguised as a delivery man.
     ( Tên cướp cải trang thành người giao hàng.)
     

5. family

   • have/start a family
     

6. mood

   • in a good/bad mood
     → Don’t talk to him; he’s in a bad mood.
     ( Đừng nói chuyện với anh ấy; anh ấy đang cáu.)

   • in the right/wrong mood

   • in the mood for sth
     → I’m not in the right mood to discuss this now.

     ( Tôi không có tâm trạng để bàn luận về việc này lúc này.)
     

7. pity

   • pity sb Cảm thấy thương hại ai đó.
     → I pity her because she has to work so hard.
     ( Tôi thương hại cô ấy vì cô ấy phải làm việc quá vất vả.)
     

   • take pity on sb Thương cảm và giúp đỡ ai đó.
     → The woman took pity on the stray dog and gave it food.
     Người phụ nữ thương xót con chó hoang và cho nó ăn.
     

   • feel pity for sb Cảm thấy tiếc thương hoặc xót xa cho ai đó.
     → I feel pity for those who have lost everything in the Yagi strom
     Tôi cảm thấy thương xót cho những người đã mất tất cả trong trận lũ.
     

   • it’s a pity (that) Thật đáng tiếc rằng...
     → It’s a pity that you couldn’t join us for the trip.
     Thật tiếc rằng bạn không thể tham gia chuyến đi cùng chúng tôi.
     

8. promise

   • give/make a promise

   • break a/your promise
     

9. favour

   • do sb a favour Giúp đỡ ai đó.
     → Can you do me a favour and pass me the salt?
     Bạn có thể giúp tôi lấy lọ muối được không?
     

   • owe sb a favour Nợ ai đó một sự giúp đỡ (vì họ đã giúp mình trước đó).
     → I really owe her a favour for helping me with the project.
     Tôi thật sự nợ cô ấy một ân huệ vì đã giúp tôi với dự án.
     

   • be in favour of Đồng tình, ủng hộ điều gì đó hoặc ai đó.
     → Are you in favour of banning smoking in public places?
     Bạn có ủng hộ việc cấm hút thuốc ở nơi công cộng không?

Word Patterns

Word Formation

1. able

   • disability (n) Sự khuyết tật, tình trạng không có khả năng (về thể chất hoặc tinh thần).

     → He has been living with a physical disability since childhood

   • disabled (adj) Bị khuyết tật.

     → The building is equipped with facilities for disabled people.

   • inability
     → Tina was depressed because she couldn’t make friends at summer camp
     = Tina was depressed because of her inability to make friends at summer camp
     

2. argumentative (adj) Thích tranh luận, hay cãi vã.

   → He became very argumentative during the meeting.
   

3. uncaring (adj) thờ ơ, không quan tâm đến người khác.

   → His uncaring attitude hurt her deeply.
   

4. correspond (v) Trao đổi thư từ hoặc phù hợp, tương ứng.
   → She corresponded with her friends via email.

   • correspondence (n)Sự trao đổi thư từ hoặc sự tương ứng, phù hợp.
     → Họ trao đổi thư từ với nhau trong nhiều năm.
     

5. jealous (adj) Ghen tuông, ghen tị.
   → She was jealous of her friend's success.

   → Don not listen to Mary, she’s just jealous of you
   

   • jealousy (n)
     → His jealousy ruined their relationship.
     → Ignore what she says about you, it’s just jealousy
     

   • jealously (adv) (= unhappy and angry)
     → She eyed Gwen's engagement ring jealously.
     (Cô ấy nhìn chiếc nhẫn đính hôn của Gwen với ánh mắt đầy ghen tị.)
     
     

6. marriage (n)
   → Their marriage has lasted for 20 years.

   • married (adj) dã kết hôn.

     → They have been married for five years
     

7. obedient (adj) Ngoan ngoãn, vâng lời.
   → He is an obedient child who always listens to his parents.
   → In the past, children were expected to be very obedient
   

   • obediently (adv)
     → She obediently followed the teacher's instructions.
     

   • obedience (n) Sự vâng lời, sự ngoan ngoãn.
     → Dogs are trained to show obedience to their owners

     → Many parents complain of ther children’s obedience, but I think they were probably exactly the same
     

8. personal (adj) Cá nhân, thuộc về riêng tư. >< impersonal
   → That’s my personal opinion.
   

   • personality (n) Tính cách, cá tính.
     → She has a vibrant personality that everyone loves.
     (Cô ấy có tính cách sôi nổi mà ai cũng yêu mến.)
     

   • impersonal (adj) Dùng để mô tả một hành động, lời nói hoặc thái độ thiếu sự quan tâm, không mang tính cá nhân hay cảm xúc.
     → The email was written in an impersonal tone.
     ( Email được viết với giọng điệu không thân thiện, thiếu cảm xúc.)
     

9. willingness (n) sự sẵn lòng, sự tự nguyện.

   → His willingness to help others is admirable.
   

10. argument

    • argumentative (adj) tính cạnh tranh
      → She is really argumentative and is always looking foe fights with other people
      

    • argument
      → some of us never forget an argument, while others make up and forgive easily