Physical Science Notes

Physical Science Overview

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ISBN: 978-0-07-668304-8
MHID: 0-07-668304-4

Inspire Physical Science

Focuses on phenomena to engage and inspire students.
Encourages investigation of key science concepts.
Aims to inspire curiosity, investigation, and innovation.

Owning Your Learning

Encounter the Phenomenon: Observe natural phenomena and ask questions.
Ask Questions: Generate questions about the phenomenon and share with classmates.
Look for Evidence: Use information and experiences to answer the phenomenon question and personal questions.
- Record observations in a Summary Table.
- Add explanations and connect to unit and module phenomenon questions.
  - GO ONLINE to play a video about innovative ways to store energy.
  - Ask Questions Do you have other questions about the phenomenon? If so, add them to the driving question board.
Solve a Problem: Complete a STEM Unit Project by investigating energy resources and global climate change.
CER Claim, Evidence, Reasoning
- Make Your Claim Use your CER chart to make a claim about how ice can be used as an alternative energy source. Explain your reasoning.
- Collect Evidence Use the lessons in this module to collect evidence to support your claim. Record your evidence as you move through the module.
- Explain Your Reasoning You will revisit your claim and explain your reasoning at the end of the module.
  - GO ONLINE to access your CER chart and explore resources that can help you collect evidence.

Claim, Evidence, Reasoning

Investigate each phenomenon.
Write a claim.
Gather evidence through labs, reading assignments and Applying Practices.
Explain reasoning to answer unit and module phenomena.

Summarize Your Work

Record data in a summary table.
Use data to collaborate and answer questions.

Apply Your Evidence and Reasoning

Use collected data to complete the STEM Unit Project at the end of units, modules, and lessons.

Physical Science STEM Unit 2 Project

Electricity and Magnetism Student Project Materials
NGSS Standards: HS-PS3-3, HS-PS3-4, HS-ETS1-2, HS-ETS1-3

Background:

Energy flows and is transferred.
Conductors allow energy flow.
Insulators prevent energy flow.
Insulators slow down the flow of heat.
Key Question: How are conductors and insulators used in everyday objects?

Engineering Design Process

Orderly, systematic approach to problem-solving.
Cyclical process (unlike the linear scientific method).
May involve repeating or skipping steps.

Engineering Design Process: Documentation

Formal method of recording and communicating steps.
Begins with initial sketches.
Continues through prototype creation and testing.
Concludes with working drawings of the design solution.
Complete documentation should be integral to each step.

Key Partners

Smithsonian Institution: Integrated online resources to further the mission of increasing knowledge.
SpongeLab Interactives: Providing gamified environments to encourage student interaction and problem-solving, with tools for assessment.
PhET Interactive Simulations: Interactive science and math simulations for exploration and discovery, based on education research.

Modules

Module 1: The Nature of Science
- Introduces physical science and tools for its study.
- Encounter the Phenomenon: Why did the person jump backward over the bar?
Module 2: Motion
- Encounter the Phenomenon: Why did the person jump backward over the bar?
  - Main topics in Module 2 include: Describing Motion, Velocity and Momentum, and Acceleration.
Module 3: Forces and Newton’s Laws
- Encounter the Phenomenon: Why did the person jump backward over the bar?
  - Main topics in Module 3 include: Forces, Newton’s Laws of Motion, and Using Newton’s Laws.
Module 4: Work and Energy
- Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
  - Main topics in Module 4 include: Work and Machines, Describing Energy, and Conservation of Energy.
Module 5: Thermal Energy
- Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
  - Main topics in Module 5 include: Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat, Conduction, Convection, and Radiation, and Using Thermal Energy.
Module 6: Electricity
- Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
  - Main topics in Module 6 include: Electric Charge, Electric Current, and More Complex Circuits.
Module 7: Magnetism and Its Uses
- Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
  - Main topics in Module 7 include: Magnetism, Electricity and Magnetism, and Producing Electricity.
Module 8: Energy Sources and The Environment
- Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
  - Main topics in Module 8 include: Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy Sources, and Environmental Impacts.
Module 9: Introduction to Waves
- Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
  *Main topics in Module 9 include: The Nature of Waves, Wave Properties, and The Behavior of Waves.
Module 10: Sound
*Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
*Main topics in Module 10 include: The Nature of Sound, Properties of Sound, Music, and Using Sound.
Module 11: Electromagnetic Waves
*Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
*Main topics in Module 11 include: What are electromagnetic waves?, The Electromagnetic Spectrum, and Radio Communication.
Module 12: Light
*Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
*Main topics in Module 12 include: The Behavior of Light, Light and Color, Producing Light, and Using Light.
Module 13: Mirrors and Lenses
*Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
*Main topics in Module 13 include: Mirrors, Lenses, Optical Instruments.
Module 14: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
*Encounter the Phenomenon: Why can dry ice go directly from a solid to a gas?
*Main topics in Module 14 include: Matter and Thermal Energy, Properties of Fluids, and Behavior of Gases.
Module 15: Classification of Matter
*Encounter the Phenomenon: Why can dry ice go directly from a solid to a gas?
*Main topics in Module 15 include: Composition of Matter and Properties of Matter.
Module 16: Properties of Atoms and The Periodic Table
*Encounter the Phenomenon: Why can dry ice go directly from a solid to a gas?
*Main topics in Module 16 include: Structure of the Atom, Masses of Atoms, and The Periodic Table.
Module 17: Elements and Their Properties
*Encounter the Phenomenon: Why can dry ice go directly from a solid to a gas?
*Main topics in Module 17 include: Metals, Nonmetals, Mixed Groups.
Module 18: Chemical Bonds
*Encounter the Phenomenon: Why are the jellyfish glowing?
*Main topics in Module 18 include: Stability in Bonding, Types of Bonds, Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds.
Module 19: Chemical Reactions
*Encounter the Phenomenon: Why are the jellyfish glowing?
*Main topics in Module 19 include: Chemical Changes, Classifying Chemicals Reactions, Chemical Reactions and Energy, Reaction Rates and Equilibrium.
Module 20: Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
*Encounter the Phenomenon: Why are the jellyfish glowing?
*Main topics in Module 20 include: The Nucleus, Nuclear Decays and Reactions, Radiation Technologies and Applications.
Module 21: Solutions
*Encounter the Phenomenon: How are advancements in chemistry related to technology?
*Main topics in Module 21 include: How Solutions Form, Concentration and Solubility, Particles in Solution, Dissolving Without Water.
Module 22: Acids, Bases, and Salts
*Encounter the Phenomenon: How are advancements in chemistry related to technology?
*Main topics in Module 22 include: Acids and Bases, Strength of Acids and Bases, Salts.
Module 23: Organic Compounds
*Encounter the Phenomenon: How are advancements in chemistry related to technology?
*Main topics in Module 23 include: Simple Organic Compounds, Substituted Hydrocarbons, Petroleum—A Source of Organic Compounds, Biological Compounds.
Module 24: New Materials Through Chemistry
*Encounter the Phenomenon: How are advancements in chemistry related to technology?
*Main topics in Module 24 include: Alloys, Versatile Materials, Polymers and Composites.

Module 1 The Nature of Science

Encounter the Phenomenon

How do we know how rainbows form?
GO ONLINE to play a video about the way Newton studied light.
Ask Questions Do you have other questions about the phenomenon? If so, add them to the driving question board.

CER Claim, Evidence, Reasoning

Make Your Claim Use your CER chart to make a claim how rainbows form. Explain your reasoning.
Collect Evidence Use the lessons in this module to collect evidence to support your claim. Record your evidence as you move through the module.
Explain Your Reasoning You will revisit your claim and explain your reasoning at the end of the module.

Lesson 1 The Methods of Science

What are the steps of the methods of science?

What is science?

Science is a method for studying the natural world.
Science is a process based on inquiry that helps develop explanations about events in nature. *Major categories of science:
- Life science deals with living things.
- Earth science investigates Earth and space.
- Physical science studies matter and energy.

Science changes

Scientific explanations help us understand the natural world, but these must be modified as we learn more.

Investigations

Scientists learn new information about the natural world by performing investigations.

Scientific Methods

Investigations often follow a general pattern called the scientific methods.

Six common steps:

State the problem.
Research and gather information.
Form a hypothesis.
Test a hypothesis.
Analyze the data.
Draw conclusions.

State the problem

The question of “why” or “how” is the problem.

Research and gather information

Gather observations and interpretations from reliable sources.

Form a hypothesis

A hypothesis is a possible answer to a question based on what you know and observe.

Test a hypothesis

Some hypotheses can be tested by making observations.
One common way to test a hypothesis is to perform an experiment.