Physical Science Notes

Physical Science Overview

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  • ISBN: 978-0-07-668304-8
  • MHID: 0-07-668304-4

Inspire Physical Science

  • Focuses on phenomena to engage and inspire students.
  • Encourages investigation of key science concepts.
  • Aims to inspire curiosity, investigation, and innovation.

Owning Your Learning

  • Encounter the Phenomenon: Observe natural phenomena and ask questions.
  • Ask Questions: Generate questions about the phenomenon and share with classmates.
  • Look for Evidence: Use information and experiences to answer the phenomenon question and personal questions.
    • Record observations in a Summary Table.
    • Add explanations and connect to unit and module phenomenon questions.
      • GO ONLINE to play a video about innovative ways to store energy.
      • Ask Questions Do you have other questions about the phenomenon? If so, add them to the driving question board.
  • Solve a Problem: Complete a STEM Unit Project by investigating energy resources and global climate change.
  • CER Claim, Evidence, Reasoning
    • Make Your Claim Use your CER chart to make a claim about how ice can be used as an alternative energy source. Explain your reasoning.
    • Collect Evidence Use the lessons in this module to collect evidence to support your claim. Record your evidence as you move through the module.
    • Explain Your Reasoning You will revisit your claim and explain your reasoning at the end of the module.
      • GO ONLINE to access your CER chart and explore resources that can help you collect evidence.

Claim, Evidence, Reasoning

  • Investigate each phenomenon.
  • Write a claim.
  • Gather evidence through labs, reading assignments and Applying Practices.
  • Explain reasoning to answer unit and module phenomena.

Summarize Your Work

  • Record data in a summary table.
  • Use data to collaborate and answer questions.

Apply Your Evidence and Reasoning

  • Use collected data to complete the STEM Unit Project at the end of units, modules, and lessons.

Physical Science STEM Unit 2 Project

  • Electricity and Magnetism Student Project Materials
  • NGSS Standards: HS-PS3-3, HS-PS3-4, HS-ETS1-2, HS-ETS1-3

Background:

  • Energy flows and is transferred.
  • Conductors allow energy flow.
  • Insulators prevent energy flow.
  • Insulators slow down the flow of heat.
  • Key Question: How are conductors and insulators used in everyday objects?

Engineering Design Process

  • Orderly, systematic approach to problem-solving.
  • Cyclical process (unlike the linear scientific method).
  • May involve repeating or skipping steps.

Engineering Design Process: Documentation

  • Formal method of recording and communicating steps.
  • Begins with initial sketches.
  • Continues through prototype creation and testing.
  • Concludes with working drawings of the design solution.
  • Complete documentation should be integral to each step.

Key Partners

  • Smithsonian Institution: Integrated online resources to further the mission of increasing knowledge.
  • SpongeLab Interactives: Providing gamified environments to encourage student interaction and problem-solving, with tools for assessment.
  • PhET Interactive Simulations: Interactive science and math simulations for exploration and discovery, based on education research.

Modules

  • Module 1: The Nature of Science
    • Introduces physical science and tools for its study.
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: Why did the person jump backward over the bar?
  • Module 2: Motion
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: Why did the person jump backward over the bar?
      • Main topics in Module 2 include: Describing Motion, Velocity and Momentum, and Acceleration.
  • Module 3: Forces and Newton’s Laws
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: Why did the person jump backward over the bar?
      • Main topics in Module 3 include: Forces, Newton’s Laws of Motion, and Using Newton’s Laws.
  • Module 4: Work and Energy
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
      • Main topics in Module 4 include: Work and Machines, Describing Energy, and Conservation of Energy.
  • Module 5: Thermal Energy
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
      • Main topics in Module 5 include: Temperature, Thermal Energy, and Heat, Conduction, Convection, and Radiation, and Using Thermal Energy.
  • Module 6: Electricity
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
      • Main topics in Module 6 include: Electric Charge, Electric Current, and More Complex Circuits.
  • Module 7: Magnetism and Its Uses
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
      • Main topics in Module 7 include: Magnetism, Electricity and Magnetism, and Producing Electricity.
  • Module 8: Energy Sources and The Environment
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: How can energy be collected and stored for daily use?
      • Main topics in Module 8 include: Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy Sources, and Environmental Impacts.
  • Module 9: Introduction to Waves
    • Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
      *Main topics in Module 9 include: The Nature of Waves, Wave Properties, and The Behavior of Waves.
  • Module 10: Sound
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
    *Main topics in Module 10 include: The Nature of Sound, Properties of Sound, Music, and Using Sound.
  • Module 11: Electromagnetic Waves
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
    *Main topics in Module 11 include: What are electromagnetic waves?, The Electromagnetic Spectrum, and Radio Communication.
  • Module 12: Light
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
    *Main topics in Module 12 include: The Behavior of Light, Light and Color, Producing Light, and Using Light.
  • Module 13: Mirrors and Lenses
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: How do waves interact with our senses?
    *Main topics in Module 13 include: Mirrors, Lenses, Optical Instruments.
  • Module 14: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: Why can dry ice go directly from a solid to a gas?
    *Main topics in Module 14 include: Matter and Thermal Energy, Properties of Fluids, and Behavior of Gases.
  • Module 15: Classification of Matter
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: Why can dry ice go directly from a solid to a gas?
    *Main topics in Module 15 include: Composition of Matter and Properties of Matter.
  • Module 16: Properties of Atoms and The Periodic Table
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: Why can dry ice go directly from a solid to a gas?
    *Main topics in Module 16 include: Structure of the Atom, Masses of Atoms, and The Periodic Table.
  • Module 17: Elements and Their Properties
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: Why can dry ice go directly from a solid to a gas?
    *Main topics in Module 17 include: Metals, Nonmetals, Mixed Groups.
  • Module 18: Chemical Bonds
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: Why are the jellyfish glowing?
    *Main topics in Module 18 include: Stability in Bonding, Types of Bonds, Writing Formulas and Naming Compounds.
  • Module 19: Chemical Reactions
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: Why are the jellyfish glowing?
    *Main topics in Module 19 include: Chemical Changes, Classifying Chemicals Reactions, Chemical Reactions and Energy, Reaction Rates and Equilibrium.
  • Module 20: Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: Why are the jellyfish glowing?
    *Main topics in Module 20 include: The Nucleus, Nuclear Decays and Reactions, Radiation Technologies and Applications.
  • Module 21: Solutions
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: How are advancements in chemistry related to technology?
    *Main topics in Module 21 include: How Solutions Form, Concentration and Solubility, Particles in Solution, Dissolving Without Water.
  • Module 22: Acids, Bases, and Salts
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: How are advancements in chemistry related to technology?
    *Main topics in Module 22 include: Acids and Bases, Strength of Acids and Bases, Salts.
  • Module 23: Organic Compounds
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: How are advancements in chemistry related to technology?
    *Main topics in Module 23 include: Simple Organic Compounds, Substituted Hydrocarbons, Petroleum—A Source of Organic Compounds, Biological Compounds.
  • Module 24: New Materials Through Chemistry
    *Encounter the Phenomenon: How are advancements in chemistry related to technology?
    *Main topics in Module 24 include: Alloys, Versatile Materials, Polymers and Composites.

Module 1 The Nature of Science

Encounter the Phenomenon

  • How do we know how rainbows form?
  • GO ONLINE to play a video about the way Newton studied light.
  • Ask Questions Do you have other questions about the phenomenon? If so, add them to the driving question board.

CER Claim, Evidence, Reasoning

  • Make Your Claim Use your CER chart to make a claim how rainbows form. Explain your reasoning.
  • Collect Evidence Use the lessons in this module to collect evidence to support your claim. Record your evidence as you move through the module.
  • Explain Your Reasoning You will revisit your claim and explain your reasoning at the end of the module.

Lesson 1 The Methods of Science

  • What are the steps of the methods of science?
What is science?
  • Science is a method for studying the natural world.
  • Science is a process based on inquiry that helps develop explanations about events in nature. *Major categories of science:
    • Life science deals with living things.
    • Earth science investigates Earth and space.
    • Physical science studies matter and energy.
Science changes
  • Scientific explanations help us understand the natural world, but these must be modified as we learn more.
Investigations
  • Scientists learn new information about the natural world by performing investigations.
Scientific Methods
  • Investigations often follow a general pattern called the scientific methods.
Six common steps:
  • State the problem.
  • Research and gather information.
  • Form a hypothesis.
  • Test a hypothesis.
  • Analyze the data.
  • Draw conclusions.
State the problem
  • The question of “why” or “how” is the problem.
Research and gather information
  • Gather observations and interpretations from reliable sources.
Form a hypothesis
  • A hypothesis is a possible answer to a question based on what you know and observe.
Test a hypothesis
  • Some hypotheses can be tested by making observations.
  • One common way to test a hypothesis is to perform an experiment.