Notes on Fertilisation and Implantation

Fertilisation and Implantation

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• Fertilisation: The process where male and female gametes unite to form a new organism.

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Key Definitions:

• Penis: Carries sperm out of the body.

• Vagina: Receives sperm during sexual intercourse.

• Sperm Duct: Carries sperm to the penis.

• Oviduct: Carries an egg to the uterus.

• Testes: Produce sperm.

• Ovary: Contains eggs.

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Reproductive Systems Overview

• Major structures include:

  • Male: Testis, Scrotum, Penis, Sperm Duct, Urethra

  • Female: Ovary, Oviduct, Uterus, Vagina, Cervix, Bladder

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• Fact: Up to 500 million sperm can be released in a single ejaculation.

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Gametes

• Definition: Reproductive or sex cells; male = sperm cell, female = egg cell.

• They unite during fertilisation, combining their nuclei.

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Egg and Sperm Interaction

• The Oviduct is lined with cilia (tiny hairs) that help move the egg towards the uterus.

• Sperm are released into the vagina and swim towards the egg.

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Process of Fertilisation

1. Sperm swim from the vagina to the uterus, then to the oviduct.

2. If a sperm cell encounters an egg, fertilisation occurs.

3. The fertilised egg divides, forming an embryo.

4. The embryo attaches to the uterine lining, initiating implantation.

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Summary of Implantation

• The fertilised egg (embryo) attaches itself to the lining of the uterus and begins development into a baby.