IB Biology: Human Reproduction

IB BIO: HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Testis- sprem cell production

leydig cells- cells in the testis that produce testosterone

testosterone- sex hormone, most important in malesprem prdouction

Sertoli cells- cells found within the seminiferous tubules that provide nutrients for spermatogenesis

spermatogonium -germ line cells that undergo mitosis or meiosis in the testis

primary spermatocyte- A diploid cell in the testis that undergoes meiosis I

secondary sprematocyte- hapoild cells resulting from the first meiotic division of sprem matogeneisthese cells will enter meiosis II

Spermatids- an immature male sex cell formed from a spermatocyte that can develop into a sperm cell without further division

vas deferens- tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

seminal vesicles- two small glands that seretea fluid rich in suhar that nourchies and helps sprem move

prostate gland- a single gland in malesthat contributes to the semen

ovary-produces eggs

fallopian tube- tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to uterus and which provides the place where fertilization

vagina- entrance to the femal repodutive system

primary oocyte- diploid cell frozen until puberty in prophase 1 of meiosis

Secondary oocyte- A haploid resulting from meiosis 1 in oogenesis, which will become an ovum after meiosis 2

Graafian follicle- mature follicle that will release the egg at the time of ovulation

corpus lutem- empty ovarian follicles that serctes progesterone after release of the egg cell

pituitary gland- a gland in the brain that produces and releases FHS and LH

hypothalamus- site in the brain that produces GnRH and realse Fsh hormonoe

hormone- chemical messenger that delivers messages to parts of the body traveling through the bloodstream

FSH( follicle stimulating hormone ) - in females , stimulates the ovaries to develop follicles and secrete estrogen, in males FSH stimulates spermatogeneisis

LH- triggers ovulation

Progesterone- hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregent women that miaintain the lining of the uterus

Zone pellucida- outermost layer of mamlain egg

cortical reaction- a reaction hat occurs during fertilization, when the sperms cell unites with egg’s plasma membrane, that prevents entry of a second sperms

acrosome- a region at the head of the sperm that contain enzymes which when release during the acrosome- reaction can facilitate pentation of the egg

placenta- a flattened circular orgain the the uterus of pregnant mamlas, nourishing and maintaining the fetus through the umbilical cord

umbilical vein- delivers oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

umbilical arties- carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta

hCG- srected by the embryo and signals the corpus lutem- to continue producing progesterone

oxytocin- a hormone realsed by the pitularty that stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth

prolactin- hormone that stimulates milk production