Fiction, Nonfiction, Journalism, and Cultural Studies Summary

Fiction and Nonfiction

Fiction

  • Made up narratives; includes fantasy.

Elements of Fantasy

  • Magic and supernatural events
  • Talking animals
  • Objects with human characteristics
  • Real people in imaginary places
  • Characters with superpowers

Characters in Fantasy

  • Witches, dragons, fairies, princes, etc.

Settings of Fantasy

  • Enchanted forests, imagined worlds, medieval times.

Sensory Imagery

  • Visual: Color, shape, light/darkness.
  • Auditory: Sound and effects (onomatopoeia).
  • Tactile: Texture, sensation.
  • Olfactory: Smell, scent connections.
  • Gustatory: Taste and flavors.
  • Kinesthetic: Movement sensations.

NonFiction

  • Encompasses factual works; includes history, essays, biographies.

Reality Literature

  • Realistic stories involving believable characters in true-to-life settings.

General vs Specific Statements

General Statements

  • Broad statements lacking detail.

Specific Statements

  • Provide concrete details about particular cases.
  • Important for clarity and engagement.

Importance in Journalism

  • Reporting: Balance between general introductions and specific examples.
  • Verification: Essential for credibility in reporting.
  • Understanding the Audience: Using the right balance in language and detail.

Types of News Writing

  1. Hard News: Straight reports, no figurative language.
  2. Opinion Articles: Editorial stances of publications.
  3. Feature Pieces: In-depth narratives often with interviews.
  4. Sports Report: Updates and analyses on sports events.

News Elements

  • Headline: General overview, often engaging.
  • Lead: Summary statement answering the key questions (who, what, when, where, why, how).

Writing Headlines

  • Use down style (capitalize only the first word).
  • Use active voice with clear subject and action verbs.
  • Avoid unnecessary articles and punctuation.

Importance of the Lead

  • The opening paragraph that summarizes the key aspects of the news story.
  • Types of leads: who, when, where, how, and more. Consider conflict and specificity.

Body of the News Article

  • Contains detailed information, direct quotes.
  • Should engage readers and provide necessary context to the story.

Use of Imagery and Language

  • Employ literary devices like metaphors and similes to enhance narrative.

Overview of Filipino Literature

  • Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas addresses historical injustices under Spanish rule and narrative poetry characteristics.

Bullying Types

  • Verbal: Name-calling, insults.
  • Physical: Hitting, damaging property.
  • Emotional: Isolation, rumors.
  • Cyberbullying: Online harassment.

Technological Gaps

  • Address generational divides in tech use, differing access, and understanding of technology.

Philippine Folk Dance

  • Explore folk dances influenced by various cultures (e.g., Pangalay, Sua ku Sua).

Kabuki Theater

  • Unique Japanese art form combining singing, dancing, and acting.

Peking Opera

  • Incorporates storytelling using minimal props and specialized costumes to depict character traits.

Wellness Topics

  • Substance Abuse: Understanding addiction, types of drugs, effects on health.
  • Eating Disorders: Definition and implications.