Exam 2_ Breakdown
Exam 2 Breakdown
Page 1: Health Care Systems
Total Questions: 51
Engage Fundamentals 2.0: Health Care Systems
Health Care Delivery: 9 questions
Key Vocabulary:
Sentinel Event: Client death or severe harm.
Long-term Care Hospital (LTCH): For long-term illnesses.
Long-term Care Facility: Non-nursing care living space.
Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF): Offers rehabilitation and daily living support.
Regulatory Agencies:
The Joint Commission: Monitors healthcare standards and safety goals.
National Committee for Quality Assurance: Focuses on quality of care and patient satisfaction.
Page 2: Nursing Credentialing
American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC):
Magnet Recognition Program:
Lower fall rates, improved skin integrity, high client satisfaction.
Excellence Program:
Focus on turnover, engagement, and productivity.
HCAHPS: Measures client perceptions of inpatient experiences.
Press Ganey: Measures healthcare delivery and client satisfaction.
Page 3: Payment Systems
Fee for Service: Payment based on volume, leading to high costs.
Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs): Fixed payment based on diagnosis.
Resource Utilization Groups (RUGs): Long-term care billing based on diagnosis.
Affordable Care Act (ACA): Aims to improve quality, lower costs, and increase access.
Page 4: Medicare and Medicaid
Medicare:
Requirements: Age ≤65 or permanent disability.
Types: Part A (hospital), Part B (outpatient), Part C (advantage), Part D (medication).
Medicaid:
Low-income program, federally funded, state-determined.
State Children’s Health Insurance Program: Coverage for those under 19.
Page 5: Social Determinants of Health
Five Major Determinants:
Economic stability, education, social context, health care access.
Health Care Disparities: Social, economic, and environmental differences.
Hospital-acquired Infections: Includes CLABSI, CAUTI, SSI, MRSA.
Page 6: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Health Education: Designed to improve community health.
Health Outcomes: Results from health promotion efforts.
Risk Factors: Modifiable vs. nonmodifiable.
Prevention Types: Primary (before disease), Secondary (early detection), Tertiary (post-illness support).
Page 7: Health Education Strategies
Goals: Improve health through knowledge and behavior change.
Risk Factors: Genetics, lifestyle, environment.
Screening Tests: Routine physicals, cancer screenings, etc.
Page 8: Health Policy
Accreditation: Meeting published standards.
HIPAA: Protects client privacy and health information.
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act: Prevents patient dumping.
Health Equity: Removing barriers to health resources.
Page 9: Advance Directives and Policies
Advance Directives: Document health care decisions.
P&P Manuals: Standards for care and safety.
OSHA: Protects employees from health risks.
Page 10: Clinical Judgment Process
Nursing Process (ADPIE):
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
Critical Thinking: Essential for nursing care.
Page 11: Clinical Judgment Functions
Environmental Factors: Safety and equipment considerations.
Clinical Judgment Action Model: Steps from recognizing cues to evaluating outcomes.
Page 12: Clinical Reasoning
Nurse's Role: Assess, compile data, and make care decisions.
Clinical Judgment: Observable outcomes of critical thinking.
Page 13: Priority-Setting Frameworks
ABCDE Method: Systematic evaluation of client needs.
Triage: Prioritizing care based on urgency.
Page 14: Levels of Healthcare
Preventive Health Care: Education and immunizations.
Primary Health Care: Health promotions and screenings.
Secondary and Tertiary Care: Diagnosis and specialized care.
Page 15: Managing Client Care
Acuity Level: Nursing service requirements.
Delegation: Assigning tasks to appropriate personnel.
Discharge Planning: Ensuring client support post-care.
Page 16: Time Management and Delegation
Five Rights of Delegation: Task, circumstance, person, direction, supervision.
Client Care Coordination: Ensuring quality care and reducing risks.
Page 17: Review Topics
Health Policy: 9 Questions
Clinical Judgment Process: 9 Questions
Priority-Setting Frameworks: 6 Questions
Managing Client Care: 9