Outlines & Reverse Outlining: Key Concepts

Outlines & Reverse Outlining: Key Concepts

Outlines as a Tool

• Outlines aid organization but are not the only mode of writing; not always the best fit for every process.

• Writing is a messy practice; use tools that help you make sense of the mess.

Reverse Outlining

• Reverse outlining helps identify when to circle back, review, and revise.

• It reinforces awareness of hierarchical structure and overall organization.

Writing Process and Structure

• Structure and organization are essential for a well-developed text.

• Outlines are one of several strategies to manage the writing process.

Revision Strategy

• Use outlining to plan and during post-draft revisions to check coherence and flow.

Readings & Resources (Core References)

• Linda Flower and John R. Hayes, The Cognitive Process Theory of Writing.

• Anne Becker, A Review of Writing Model Research Based on Cognitive Processes.

• Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): Types of Outlines and Samples.

• Aaron Hamburger, Outlining in Reverse.

• Kansas State University Writing Center, Reverse Outlining.

• Milou J.R. de Smet et al., Electronic Outlining as a Writing Strategy: Effects on Students' Writing Products, Mental Effort and Writing Process.

• Barbara E. Walvoord et al., Functions of Outlining Among College Students in Four Disciplines.

Author Biography

• Kristin Milligan is the Associate Director of the Learning Center at East Central College with extensive experience as a writing center tutor.

Keywords

• outlines, post-draft outlining, reverse outlining, writing as a process, writing process