FAM THEORIES RESEARCH

Family Theory

A set of relatively specific & concrete concept and propositions that describe, explain, or predict something about the family

Concepts: building blocks of theory that create mental images or abstract representations of phenomena of a study.

Propositions: statements about the relationship between two or more concepts

Hypothesis: way of stating an expected relationship between concepts or an expected proposition

concepts & propositions in the hypothesis are derived from and driven by the original theory
may be tested by a research study & uses statistical procedures to look at the relationships between 2 concepts

Conceptual Model: set of general propositions that integrate concepts into meaningful configurations or patterns

based on observations, insights, and deductions that combine ideas from several fields of inquiry
provide a frame of reference and coherent way of thinking about a phenomenon.
more comprehensive than a theory

Conceptual Framework: way of integrating concepts into a meaningful pattern

less definitive than conceptual models
provide useful conceptual approaches or ways in which to look at a problem or situation, rather than a definite set of propositions.

Research: "systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem that needs a solution"

Nightingale	Is *supportive institution* for family members throughout lifespan - have both positive & negative influence on fam members
King’s Goal Attainment Theory	Is vehicle for transmitting values & norms (role of sick member, transmitting health care function of the family) - is both interpersonal & social system (Key component: interaction b/w nurse and family as client)
Roy’s Adaptation Model	*Adapt* to health issues (how?) - is an adaptive system with input, internal control, feedback processes, & output
Neuman’s System Model	Goal is to *maintain stability* (by preserving the integrity of its structure by opening & closing its boundaries - is a system - a fluid model, family is in motion and not static from one perspective
Orem’s Self-care Deficit theory	Is *Basic conditioning unit* for individual to learn roles & responsibilities (how to act when one is ill) - fam’s self-care behavior evolves thru interpersonal relationships, communication & culture unique to each fam
Rodger’s Theory of Unitary human beings	Is a constant open system energy field changing constantly as it interact with environment
Friedeman’s Framework of Systematic Organization	As a social system with the goal to *transmit culture* to members
Johnson’s Behavioral System Model for Nursing	*Adjust with internal & external forces for stability* - fam composed of set of organized interactive interdependent & integrated subsystems
Parse’s Human Becoming	Is *continually becoming & evolving* (system) thru experiences (Role of nurse: use therapeutic communication to invite fam members to uncover their meaning of experience, learn what the meaning of the experience is for each other, & discuss the meaning of the experience for the family as a whole)
Denham’s Family Health Model	Fam Health is contextual, functional, & structural - Fam health - a process over time of fam member interactions & health-related behavior - Dynamic fam health rotines - behavioral patterns that reflect self-care, safety & prevention, mental health behaviors, fam & illness care, fam caregiving

Structural- Functional	Families as an *institution* & how they function to maintain family & social network
Symbolic Interaction	Interactions within families & the *symbolic communication*
Developmental theory & Family life cycle theory	*Life cycle* of families & representing *normative stages* of family development (provides a framework for nurses to understand normal fam changes & experiences over the member’s lifetimes that assesses both indivs & fam as a whole)
Family system theory	*Circular interactions* among members of family systems, which result in functional or dysfunctional outcomes - allows nurses to understand & assess fams as an organized whole and/or as indivs who form an interactive & interdependent system
Family stress theory	Focus on the analysis of how families *experience & cope* w/ stressful life events
Change theory	*How families remain stable or change* when there is change within the family structure or from outside influences
Transition theory	Understanding and predicting the transitions families experience over time by combining role theory, fam development theory, life course theory

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY

Imply a universal, sequential cycle to family life when they describe the evolution of a family
Ex. Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
Duvall’s 8 Stages of family cycle

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL

Structural Dimensions

How the family is organized, how members of family relate to each other, arrangement of the fam members

Functional Dimension

What the family does & include outcomes such as socialization, repro function, health care function, economic function & affective function

Role (status of their existence w/n family)
Values (inherited fait/culture from old to new generation)
Communication (a way to know oneself & others)
Power Structure (shows interaction/position of the member within the family)

SYSTEMS THEORY

Explain how phenomena of life can spontaneously emerge from forces existing inside an organism
(Most) Dominant approach to development of theory & practice
Family represent something above & beyond the indiv’s relationships
Family - the principle context within human development occurs

Structural Family Therapy	Fam: an *open sociocultural system* that is continually face w/ demands for change (system-oriented approach) Focus: whole family, subsystems, boundaries, coalitions & family transactional patterns, covert rules
International Family Therapy	Fam: a system of *interactive or interlocking behaviors* or communication processing Emphasis: here & now Focus: establishing clear, congruent communication & clarifying & changing family rules
Family Systems Therapy Theory	Focus: promoting differentiation of self from family & *intellection from emotion* Fam members - encouraged to examine their processes to gain insight & understanding into their past & present Requires long-term commitment