Carbon Dioxide

• The test for carbon dioxide involves bubbling the gas through an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide (limewater)

• If the gas is carbon dioxide, the limewater turns milky or cloudy

Hydrogen

• The test for hydrogen is often referred to as the 'squeaky pop' test

• The test for hydrogen consists of holding a burning splint held at the open end of a test tube of gas

• If the gas is hydrogen it burns with a loud “pop” sound which is the result of the rapid combustion of hydrogen with oxygen to produce water

• Be sure not to insert the splint right into the tube, just at the mouth, as the gas needs air to burn

Oxygen

• The test for oxygen consists of placing a glowing splint inside a test tube of gas

• If the gas is oxygen the splint will relight

Chlorine

• The test for chlorine makes use of litmus paper

• If chlorine gas is present, damp blue litmus paper will be bleached white

• It may turn red briefly before bleaching, as acids are produced when chlorine comes into contact with water

• Chlorine should always be handled in a fume cupboard due to its toxicity

Tests for anions

Method:

• dissolve a small sample of the solid salt you are testing in water.

• place approximately 10cm3 of the solution into a test tube.

• add four drops of nitric acid.

• add silver nitrate solution, dropwise.

• if a precipitate is produced, observe the colour.